scholarly journals Comparison of the Hatch of Newly Laid Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Eggs From the United States After Exposure to Different Temperatures and Durations of Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A Keena ◽  
Anne L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Diapause Development

Abstract Comparisons were made of the effects of temperature and duration of low temperature on hatch of newly laid egg masses of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White). Egg masses were collected in mid-October 2019 and estimated to be less than 14 d old. There was a significant positive nonlinear relationship between temperature and developmental rate (1/d) for eggs held at constant temperatures. The lower threshold for egg development was estimated as 7.39°C. Eggs held at constant 10, 15, and 20°C were estimated to require 635, 715, and 849 DD7.39, respectively, to develop. Egg hatch was variable, egg hatch rates were highest (58.4%) when held at a constant 15°C, though high rates (52.7%) were also obtained when eggs were held for 84 d at 10°C, then moved to 25°C. Almost all eggs enter diapause since very few eggs were able hatch when moved to 25°C after 7 d of chill at either 5 or 10°C. Chilling at 5 or 10°C increased percentage egg hatch as the duration in chill increased up to ~100 d and eggs held at 10°C were able to complete some or all the post-diapause development before being moved to 25°C. All egg masses were held at constant 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod and 65%RH. Our data suggest that temperature is the driving factor for diapause termination in spotted lanternfly, but other abiotic factors should be investigated. These identified developmental temperature threshold and degree day requirements for egg hatch will improve predictive distribution and phenological models.

BIONOMICS OF THE DAMSEL BUG, NABIS AMERICOFERUS CARAYON (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Guppy
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer

AbstractThe damsel bug, Nobis americoferus Carayon, develops through two generations a year in eastern Ontario. In early fall, females of the second generation develop a reproductive diapause but both sexes continue to feed until freeze-up. Post-diapause development begins in late March. Eggs are deposited singly in plant stems but several may be laid in close proximity. In alfalfa, most eggs were found where stem diameter measured from 0.8 to 1.9 mm but height of oviposition site was not related to length of stem. Females reared at 23°C laid an average of 157 eggs during a 3-week oviposition period. The immature stages of the first generation occurred from mid-April to mid-July and those of the second generation from mid-July to early September. The duration of each stage of N. americoferus, fed pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), and held at four constant temperatures, 18, 23, 28, and 31°C, decreased with increasing temperature. There was a highly correlated linear relationship between rate of development and temperature for all stages. The theoretical temperature threshold for development of eggs was 11.1°C and that for the nymphal stage was 10.6°C; degree-day requirements for these stages were 123.5 and 370.4, respectively. Developmental rate of nymphs varied with host as well as temperature; nymphs fed larvae of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), developed significantly faster than those fed pea aphid.

Reproductive Potential and Development of Rose Leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae (L.) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), at Constant Temperatures on Apple

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Day ◽  
H. W. Hogmire ◽  
M. W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Reproductive potential and developmental rates for rose leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae (L.), were determined in a constant-temperature study at 13, 17, 23, and 30°C. Developmental rate was faster at progressively higher temperatures, except at 30°C, where there was no egg hatch. Developmental rate was faster for males than for females at each temperature. Regression equations yielded an estimate of 7°C as the temperature threshold for development. The largest number of progeny was produced at the lowest temperature, and survival decreased with increasing temperature. Body length and head capsule width of the five nymphal instars and adult stages of rose leafhopper did not vary among temperatures or between male and female.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Development and Survival of Nymphal Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Kreitman ◽  
Melody A Keena ◽  
Anne L Nielsen ◽  
George Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Lower Developmental Threshold ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Abstract Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive planthopper originally from Asia, is an emerging pest in North America. It is important to understand its phenology in order to determine its potential range in the United States. Lycorma delicatula nymphs were reared on Ailanthus altissima (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) at each of the following constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. The time spent in each instar and survival was recorded. Developmental rate increased with temperature from 15 to 30°C for all instars, then declined again at higher temperatures. Nymphal survival was lower at 35°C than between 15 and 30°C for all instars, and first instars placed at 5, 10, and 40°C all died without molting. This suggests that L. delicatula survival and development may be affected in the Southern United States by high temperatures and developmental delays will occur under cool spring conditions. The lower developmental threshold was found to be 13.00 ± 0.42°C for first instars, 12.43 ± 2.09°C for second instars, 8.48 ± 2.99°C for third instars, and 6.29 ± 2.12°C for fourth instars. The degree-day (DD) requirement for nymphs in the previous instar to complete development to reach the second instar, third instar, fourth instar, and adult was 166.61, 208.75, 410.49, and 620.07 DD (base varied), respectively. These results provide key data to support the development of phenology models and help identify the potential range of L. delicatula in North America.

scholarly journals Dispersal and Oviposition Patterns of Lycorma Delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) During Oviposition Period in Ailanthus Altissima (Simaroubaceae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhyung Jung ◽  
Jung-Wook Kho ◽  
Do-Hun Gook ◽  
Young Su Lee ◽  
Doo-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), has the potential to become a global pest and is currently expanding its range in the United States. In this study, we investigated the dispersal patterns of SLF in Ailanthus altissima during its oviposition period in South Korea using fluorescent marking system. Oviposition patterns of SLF were then analyzed by surveying egg masses in A. altissima patches. The recapture rate of fluorescent-marked SLF rapidly decreased < 30% within the first two weeks. During the oviposition period, seven cases of among-patch dispersal of SLF adults were observed with a minimum estimated dispersal distance mainly ranging between 10 - 60 m and a maximum of 1,740 m. Also, the number of A. altissima trees detected with fluorescent-marked SLF increased until late September. Based on the egg mass survey, a total of 159 egg masses were detected from 38 out of 247 A. altissima trees. Furthermore, ca. 80% of egg masses were located < 2.5 m above the ground. Finally, the number of egg masses showed significant positive correlations with the height and diameter at root collar of A. altissima trees; both tree height and DRC were significantly larger from the trees with egg masses.

scholarly journals Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Causes Low Levels of Parasitism in Three North American Pentatomids Under Field Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M Milnes ◽  
Elizabeth H Beers
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

Abstract Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), an Asian parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was first detected in North America in 2014. Although testing in quarantine facilities as a candidate for classical biological control is ongoing, adventive populations have appeared in multiple sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Extensive laboratory testing of T. japonicus against other North American pentatomids and H. halys has revealed a higher rate of parasitism of H. halys, but not complete host specificity. However, laboratory tests are necessarily artificial, in which many host finding and acceptance cues may be circumvented. We offered sentinel egg masses of three native pentatomid (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) pest species (Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus conspersus Uhler, and Chlorochroa ligata (Say)) in a field paired-host assay in an area with a well-established adventive population of T. japonicus near Vancouver, WA. Overall, 67% of the H. halys egg masses were parasitized by T. japonicus during the 2-yr study. Despite the ‘worst case’ scenario for a field test (close proximity of the paired egg masses), the rate of parasitism (% eggs producing adult wasps) on all three native species was significantly less (0.4–8%) than that on H. halys eggs (77%). The levels of successful parasitism of T. japonicus of the three species are C. hilaris > E. conspersus > C. ligata. The potential impact of T. japonicus on these pentatomids is probably minimal.

Are Non-Target Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Exposed to Dinotefuran From Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Trap Trees?

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2993-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Underwood ◽  
Brian Breeman ◽  
Joseph Benton ◽  
Jason Bielski ◽  
Julie Palkendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper that causes significant damage to host plants in the United States. Because of its affinity for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, control efforts have focused on the use of the systemic insecticide, dinotefuran, in designated trap trees. There is concern about exposure to this pesticide by non-target species, especially honey bees, Apis mellifera, via lanternfly honeydew. Therefore, honey bee colonies were established in areas of high densities of trap trees and samples of honey, bees, and beeswax were collected in May, July, and October of 2017 for analysis. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the presence and quantity of dinotefuran. Additionally, honeydew from lanternflies was analyzed for dinotefuran and informal observations of trap tree visitors were made. None of the worker bee, wax, or honey samples indicated detectable levels of dinotefuran; however, honeydew samples collected did contain dinotefuran above the detection limit with amounts ranging from 3 to 100 ng per sample. The lack of dinotefuran in honey bee products matches the general absence of honey bees at trap trees in informal observations.

A unified degree day model describes survivorship of Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different constant temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Gómez ◽  
R.C. Venette ◽  
J.R. Gould ◽  
D.F. Winograd
Keyword(s):  
Survival Curve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractPredictions of survivorship are critical to quantify the probability of establishment by an alien invasive species, but survival curves rarely distinguish between the effects of temperature on development versus senescence. We report chronological and physiological age-based survival curves for a potentially invasive noctuid, recently described as Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons, collected from Peru and reared on asparagus at six constant temperatures between 9.7 and 34.5°C. Copitarsia spp. are not known to occur in the United States but are routinely intercepted at ports of entry. Chronological age survival curves differ significantly among temperatures. Survivorship at early age after hatch is greatest at lower temperatures and declines as temperature increases. Mean longevity was 220 (±13 SEM) days at 9.7°C. Physiological age survival curves constructed with developmental base temperature (7.2°C) did not correspond to those constructed with a senescence base temperature (5.9°C). A single degree day survival curve with an appropriate temperature threshold based on senescence adequately describes survivorship under non-stress temperature conditions (5.9–24.9°C).

scholarly journals First Report of Meloidogyne partityla on Pecan in New Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Fuchs ◽  
Z. A. Handoo
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
First Report ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dona Ana County ◽  
Normal Fertilization

For several years, decline was observed in mature pecan (Carya illinoensis (F.A. Wangenheim) K. Koch) trees in an orchard in Dona Ana County, New Mexico despite normal fertilization and irrigation practices. Affected trees were growing in sandy soil in two widely separated irrigation terraces and exhibited chlorosis of foliage and substantial die-back of branches in the upper canopy. Examination of feeder roots revealed the presence of numerous small galls and egg masses, with root-knot nematode females often visibly protruding from root tissue. Attempts to culture the nematode on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Rutgers’) were unsuccessful. Females and egg masses were collected from fresh pecan roots and sent to the USDA Nematology Laboratory in Beltsville, MD, in October 2000, where specimens were identified as Meloidogyne partityla Kleynhans (1) based on morphological examination. This is the first report of M. partityla from New Mexico, and the second report of this nematode outside South Africa. Starr et al. (2) first reported M. partityla from pecan in the United States in 1996, after recovering the nematode from five orchards in Texas. In their study, the host range of M. partityla was limited to members of the Juglandaceae, which may explain the inability of the New Mexico population to reproduce on tomato. Additional information is needed regarding distribution of this nematode within pecan-growing regions throughout North America. References: (1) K. P. N. Kleynhans. Phytophylactica 18:103, 1986. (2) J. L. Starr et al. J. Nematol. 28:565, 1996.

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