Effects of Parasitoid Age, Host Egg Age, and Host Egg Freezing on Reproductive Success of Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Power ◽  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Karen Xu ◽  
Thomas M Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Brassica Plant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parasitoid Age ◽  
Egg Freezing

Abstract Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is a serious pest on brassica crops in many regions throughout the world. As part of our efforts to enhance biological control, we have been studying an egg parasitoid that was collected from B. hilaris eggs found on brassica plant debris in Pakistan. This species has recently been described as Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power. A major component of rearing biological control agents is understanding the relationship among host egg age, parasitoid age, and reproductive success. To this end, we used a factorial design to evaluate all combinations of host egg ages 0–5 d and parasitoid ages 0–11 d. The results showed that the best combinations are 0- to 1-d-old host eggs with 3- to 10-d-old parasitoids. A further study using frozen host eggs showed that O. mirus can reproduce as successfully on frozen B. hilaris eggs as on fresh ones.

scholarly journals Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in forage- and seed-brassica crops using a collaborative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abie Horrocks ◽  
Paul A. Horne ◽  
Melanie M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Management Approaches

An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was compared with farmers’ conventional pest management practices on twelve spring- and autumn-sown seed and forage brassica crops. Demonstration trials were conducted in Canterbury from spring 2015 to autumn 2017 by splitting farmers’ paddocks in half and applying the two management approaches side by side. A farmer participatory approach was used, with management decisions based on monitoring pests and biological-control agents. Farmer and adviser training with a focus on monitoring and identification was carried out. Biological-control agents capable of contributing to pest control were identified in all brassica crops. There was a 35% reduction in the number of insecticides applied under IPM compared with conventional management, negligible crop yield differences, and the type of insecticides applied was different. IPM adoption at these farms was high by the end of the 3-year project with 11 of the 12 farmers implementing IPM across 90—100% of their brassica crops. This project was a starting point for an industry-wide change of practice to IPM, which has become more widespread since its completion.

scholarly journals Impact of combine releases of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to control Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in tomato greenhouses in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Adly ◽  
Gehan M. Nouh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents

AbstractIn greenhouses, tomato plants are subject to attack by several pest species. The present study aimed to investigate the compatibility of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, strain HP88 against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in commercial tomato greenhouses (Cherry and Bushra varieties) at winter plantation of 2018–2019 in Egypt. Three commercial plastic greenhouses were used. The first plastic greenhouses were treated by the two tested biological control agents (BCG), the second sprayed by certain recommended pesticides (PG), and the third used for control. Pheromone traps were used for monitoring the appearance of T. absoluta moths. The combined use of T. euproctidis and H. bacteriophora resulted to reduce the population density of the T. absoluta gradually until the end of the season in BCG. In the 17th week of treatments by T. euproctidis and H. bacteriophora, the population density of T. absoluta was estimated as leaf mines/plant (0.8 and 1.26 mines/leaf, in Cherry and Bushra varieties, respectively) in BCG. Also, in the 17th week of treatments by recommended pesticides, the population density of T. absoluta reached 12.73 mines/leaf and 18.33 mines/leaf, in CG. Early use of pesticides, by the appearance of T. absoluta infestation, could not suppress its population density that continued to increase until the end of the season in PG. Results revealed that the combination of the tested biological control agents against T. absoluta is recommended to be a main part in pest management practices in tomato greenhouses.

Two new Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of economic importance from China

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John LaSalle ◽  
Dawei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Paranthrene Tabaniformis

AbstractTwo new species of Eulophidae, which are potential biological control agents of economically important pests, are described from China. Aprostocetus prolixussp. n. (Tetrastichinae) is an egg-parasitoid of Apriona germarii (Hope) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Hyssopus grossorissp. n. (Eulophinae) is a larval parasitoid of Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottenburg) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). The species Elachertus pallidus Askew is transferred to Hyssopus, comb. n.

scholarly journals Notes on the hosts of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayan Chen ◽  
Elijah Talamas ◽  
Hong Pang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Host Associations

Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a cosmopolitan genus of egg-parasitoid wasps associated with stink bugs (Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae, Urostylididae), many of which are important insect pests. Documentation of host associations for these wasps, which we here provide via museum specimens, can support their use as biological control agents of invasive stink bugs. The hosts of seven Trissolcus species are reported from China: Trissolcus cultratus (Mayr) (hosts: Hippotiscus dorsalis Stål, Pentatomidae; Urochela luteovaria Distant, Urostylididae), Trissolcus elasmuchae (Watanabe) (host: Niphe elongata (Dallas), Pentatomidae), Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (hosts: Erthesina fullo (Thunberg), Pentatomidae; Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda), Pentatomidae), Trissolcus latisulcus (Crawford) (host: Poecilocoris latus Dallas, Scutelleridae), Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (host: Pentatomidae), Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck) (host: Eurydema sp., Scutelleridae), Trissolcus yamagishii Ryu (host: Niphe elongata (Dallas), Pentatomidae).

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides used in tomato greenhouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Gallego ◽  
Jesús Guerrero-Manzano ◽  
Francisco J. Fernández-Maldonado ◽  
Tomas Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
South American ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
South American Tomato Moth ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae ◽  
High Degree

The South American tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a pest species of great economic importance in tomatoes, both in greenhouses and in open-air crops. This importance has increased in recent years because it has been introduced in many countries in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Insecticides different active ingredients and biological control agents are being used in the control of this pest species. This implies the need to make both groups compatible within IPM programmes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the compatibility between different insecticides and the use of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagakartti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Three groups of trials were carried out under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Ten insecticides with the following active ingredient were evaluated: abamectin, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin, flubendiamide, indoxacarb, methomyl, spinosad, and spiromesifen. In the results, three groups of insecticides were established based on their compatibility with the use of biological control: The first group (abamectin, B. thurigiensis, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and spiromesifen) showed a high degree of compatibility with egg parasitoid releases. The second group (azadirachtin and chlorantraniliprole, and methomyl) presented compatibility problems. Finally, the last group (emamectin, methomyl, and spinosad) did not apper to be compatible. The results found will allow a better application of IPM programmes in tomato crops for the control of this pest species.

scholarly journals Preempting the Arrival of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys: Biological Control Options for Australia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Valerie Caron ◽  
Tania Yonow ◽  
Cate Paull ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Gonzalo A. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Control Options

The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorphahalys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is native to Northeast Asia, but has become a serious invasive species in North America and Europe, causing major damage to crops. While it has not established itself in Australia, it has been intercepted at the border several times, indicating that future incursions and establishment are a case of when, not if. Biological control is one of the few control options for this species and will be important for managing H.halys should it become established in Australia. Prioritizing species that could be used as biological control agents would ensure Australia is prepared. This study summarizes the literature on natural enemies of H. halys in its native and invaded ranges and prioritizes potential biological control agents of H.halys that could be used in Australia. Two egg parasitoid species were identified: Trissolcusjaponicus (Ashmead) and Trissolcusmitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Future efforts to develop biological control should focus on T. mitsukurii, as it is already present in Australia. However, little is known about this species and further work is required to: (1) assess its potential effectiveness in parasitizing H. halys, (2) determine its current distribution and (3) host range in Australia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Physiological Host Range for the Parasitoid Ooencyrtus mirus, a Potential Biocontrol Agent of Bagrada hilaris

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Power ◽  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Brassica Plant ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
The Mean

The thelytokous egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn and Power (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recovered from brassica plant debris in Pakistan in an effort to find a biological control agent of the invasive bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in North America. As the first step in determining the overall host range of this parasitoid, adult females were exposed to the eggs of eight alternate pentatomid host species, two non-pentatomid heteropterans, and two lepidopterans, in choice and no-choice tests. Although O. mirus was more successful on B. hilaris than the other species in terms of the number of the eggs laid, the number of emerged progeny, and the developmental time of the progeny, it was able to reproduce on all of the alternate hosts except for one of the lepidopterans, whose eggs appeared too small for this parasitoid. The results show O. mirus to be a generalist parasitoid species with a preference for B. hilaris. The results also indicate that there is a linear relationship between the mean body length of O. mirus females and the mean host egg weight with an adjusted R 2 of 0.90. The implications of this study on the release of O. mirus for the control of B. hilaris are discussed.

scholarly journals Attempted new association biological control of Dicranosterna semipunctata Chapuis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Paropsini)

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Murphy ◽  
M.K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Target Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Association ◽  
Tortoise Beetle ◽  
Sustained Field ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The new association theory of biological control predicts that novel enemies may be more effective in controlling pest species than their natural enemies This theory was tested using the egg parasitoid Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on the Acacia tortoise beetle Dicranosterna semipunctata (Chapuis) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand In no choice laboratory bioassays parasitism on the new host was significantly lower than on a natural host Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) (57 cf 89 eggs/h P002) The fecundity and oviposition rate of D semipunctata were approximately half that of P charybdis A field release of 1500 E nassaui directed against D semipunctata did not result in sustained field parasitism It is suspected that E nassaui will not normally encounter D semipunctata because it searches Eucalyptus not Acacia species The ability of biological control agents to locate the target species in the field needs to be considered when evaluating new association biological control

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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