Performance of Seed Treatments Applied on Bt and Non-Bt Maize Against Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionei S Muraro ◽  
Regis F Stacke ◽  
Gisele E Cossa ◽  
Daniela N Godoy ◽  
Cínthia G Garlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is the main pest of maize in Brazil, attacking plants from emergence to reproductive stages. Here, we conducted studies to evaluate the efficacy of two seed treatments (chlorantraniliprole alone and imidacloprid combined with thiodicarb) on Bt and non-Bt maize in laboratory bioassays with distinct FAW strains that are susceptible, selected for resistance to Bt-maize single (Cry1F) or pyramided (Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) events and F1 hybrids of the selected and susceptible strains (heterozygotes), and in the field against a natural infestation. In the laboratory, leaf-discs from seed treated Bt-maize plants at 7 d after emergence (DAE) increased the mortality of FAW resistant, heterozygote, and susceptible strains up to 24.8%, when compared with the respective maize grown without a seed treatment. In the field against natural infestations of FAW, Bt maize with a seed treatment had ~30% less FAW damage than non-Bt maize with the same seed treatment at 7 and 14 DAE. No differences in FAW damage was observed between Bt and non-Bt maize grown with and without a seed treatment at 21 DAE. Maize seeds treated with chlorantraniliprole alone or imidacloprid and thiodicarb combined presented limited protection against early infestations of FAW strains under laboratory and field studies.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize expressing Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 and Vip3Aa20 proteins to manage the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 105269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria F. Moscardini ◽  
Luiz H. Marques ◽  
Antônio C. Santos ◽  
Jaédino Rossetto ◽  
Oscar A.B.N. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Evaluation of maize seed treatments for Pratylenchus zeae control

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-670
Author(s):  
Pedro Marcus de Souza Confort ◽  
Mário M. Inomoto
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
The One ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maize (Zea mays) seed treatments for the control of Pratylenchus zeae under glasshouse conditions. Seeds of the maize hybrid DKB390 treated with thiametoxam, thiametoxam + abamectin and imidacloprid + thiodicarb were used as treatments. The treated maize seeds were sown in plastic cups containing soil inoculated with 200 nematodes (juveniles and females). Two of the four experiments that were done were evaluated at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). The first experiment was evaluated 30, 60 and 90 DAS, and the fourth experiment only at 90 DAS. Fresh root mass and total nematodes extracted and counted from roots of each plant were used as the assessment criteria. All seed treatments tested showed a degree of efficacy in reducing the reproduction rates of P. zeae under glasshouse conditions. The imidacloprid + thiodicarb treatment showed consistent results in all replications of all four experiments, often being the one resulting in the lowest P. zeae density. The thiametoxam + abamectin treatment was also effective in reducing nematode numbers and differed significantly from the control treatments for all four experiments. Thiametoxam used on its own as a seed treatment proved to be as effective as the mixture with abamectin in two of the four experiments and does not provide consistent results in terms of reducing P. zeae population levels.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment with insecticides on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Barros Triboni ◽  
Luciano Del Bem Junior ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Pratylenchus brachyurus in Maize Treated with Inorganic Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ayoola Abiodun Adesuyi ◽  
Adedotun Daniel Adewumi ◽  
Tobi Susan Elufisan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Plants

Field studies were conducted in the early and late season of 2010 in the tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer as an inorganic soil amendment at 75 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha in four replications on population densities of Pratylenchus brachyurus and on crop yield of maize. Seeds of maize variety, DMR LSR-Y were collected from Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The experimental field was naturally infested with Pratylenchus spp. due to subsequent continuous cultivation of susceptible crop on the field. Seeds were planted and NPK was applied around the roots of maize plants 3 weeks after seedling emergence. Soil samples were taken on treatment plots at planting and harvest to determine the percentage change in nematode population. At the end of experiment, NPK application resulted in the increase in the nematode population. However, the grain yield of maize was not reduced by the increased nematode densities. The results of this study suggests that the usage of NPK caused a surge in the nematode reproduction on the field due to the availability of more feeding sites on the actively growing root system of the crop.

Maize Infestation of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Within Agro-Ecological Zones of Togo and Ghana in West Africa 3 Yr After Its Invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djima Koffi ◽  
Komi Agboka ◽  
Delanyo Kokouvi Adenka ◽  
Michael Osae ◽  
Agbeko Kodjo Tounou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) invaded several West African countries in 2016 causing severe injury to maize plants and economic damage. This study assesses variations in the occurrence of this species in different Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) in Togo and Ghana during the 3 yr following its discovery. The surveys were conducted on 120 farms in Togo and 94 farms in Ghana by collecting larvae from 200 maize plants per hectare. Infestation levels were 68.46% in 2016, 55.82% in 2017, and 17.76% in 2018. The number of larvae recorded per hectare and infestation levels were higher in Togo than in Ghana. The lowest number of collected larvae and infestation levels of S. frugiperda were in 2018, compared to the other 2 yr. Larvae per hectare and the infestation level varied regionally inside the two countries. The southern part of Togo (AEZ five) contained higher numbers of larvae and higher infestation levels during the 2 yr following the invasion of the pest. We concluded that infestation levels of S. frugiperda are much lower in 2018 than the two previous years and it is therefore necessary to determine the factors that affect the population dynamics of S. frugiperda in the field, which is a perquisite for developing management interventions.

scholarly journals Observations on the Relationships between Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Maize

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Brianna Flonc ◽  
Mary Barbercheck ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Endophytic Colonization ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pest Suppression ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fungi in the genus Metarhizium are entomopathogens that can establish endophytically inside plants and benefit them through growth promotion and pest suppression. Lab- and greenhouse-based experiments were conducted to examine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii colonization in maize (Zea mays) on fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda). Maize seeds were inoculated with M. robertsii conidia, plants were evaluated for endophytic colonization, and then relative growth rate (RGR) and feeding behavior of larval FAW fed leaves from inoculated and uninoculated maize were measured. Endophytic M. robertsii was recovered from 60.5% of inoculated maize. In feeding bioassays, the RGR of larval FAW fed leaves of inoculated maize was no different than the RGR of larvae fed leaves from uninoculated maize. The RGR of larval FAW was positively correlated with the proportion of endophytic colonization of maize leaf and root tissues; however, in feeding assays, FAW larvae demonstrated no preference for consuming leaf tissue from inoculated or uninoculated maize. The proportion of leaf tissue consumed was unrelated to the proportion of M. robertsii-colonization of leaf or root tissue from source plants. We discuss possible reasons why FAW were not affected by endophytic M. robertsii in the context of assay methodology, FAW physiology, and induced maize defenses.

scholarly journals First report of natural infestation of Ovomermis sinensis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing fall armyworm Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Himachal Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasi Indra Kumar ◽  
Kanchhi Maya Waiba ◽  
Mohinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Ovomermis Sinensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Beneficial Organisms

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda invaded in India at the end of 2018 and has caused severe damage to maize including other crops. Several S. frugiperda naturally parasitized by nematodes were observed in Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India. The morphological features based on the results of scanning electron microscopy indicated that the nematode belongs to the family Mermithidae. Furthermore, characters discovered that the nematode belongs to Ovomermis sinensis, a known entomoparasitic nematode. Our finding was the first record that S. frugiperda, was naturally parasitized by O. sinensis. The results of this study are of great importance for potential biological control of S. frugiperda by indigenous natural beneficial organisms, i.e., O. sinensis within an integrated pest management system.

scholarly journals Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254328
Author(s):  
Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo ◽  
Shakiru Adewale Kazeem ◽  
Joy Ejemen Idoko ◽  
Raphael Abiodun Adebayo ◽  
Elizabeth Yetunde Fayemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests’ natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc.) also emerged. Species of yet-to-be identified predators were also observed in various niches of maize plants. A positive relationship was found between FAW instar and the number of E. laphygmae eggs/instar ranging, on average, from 1.5 on second instar to 5.5 on fourth instars hosts. Parasitism rate of T. remus on FAW eggs was 100%. Parasitic mite infestation resulted in increasing paleness, reduced feeding, growth and movement as well as death of FAW 1st instars. Thus, the occurrence of FAW natural enemies in Nigeria calls for advocacy campaign to incorporate their use into integrated pest management strategies that attract and allow natural enemies to thrive for FAW management.

Managing fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with Bt maize and insecticides in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2569-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M Burtet ◽  
Oderlei Bernardi ◽  
Adriano A Melo ◽  
Maiquel P Pes ◽  
Thiago T Strahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluations of Lepidopteran-Active Soybean Seed Treatments on Survivorship of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Thrash ◽  
J. J. Adamczyk ◽  
G. Lorenz ◽  
A. W. Scott ◽  
J. S. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae
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