scholarly journals Plant Origin and Other Attributes Impact Bee Forage Patterns in a Common Garden Study in Maine, United States; Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison C Dibble ◽  
Francis A Drummond ◽  
Lois Berg Stack
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Floral Resource

Abstract In a common garden study in Maine from 2012 to 2015, we used two bee species (Apis mellifera L. and Bombus ternarius Say (1837)) and three field-recognizable bee categories (‘Most Bombus’, ‘Halictidae’, and ‘Other Bees’) plus an ‘All Bees’ data aggregation to compare 17 native and 68 introduced plant taxa. Data were from three 1-min timed periods per flowering plant taxon on a given day at a site. We observed 17,792 bees and found that their response varied by bee species or group. Using mixed models to analyze our data, we found that native bees had higher visitation rates on native plants, while A. mellifera visited both native and introduced plants. Most groups visited native late-flowering and native mid-late-flowering plants at higher rates. ‘All Bees’ were attracted to native perennials (vs annuals and shrubs) and to tall plants, both native and introduced; A. mellifera was attracted to introduced perennials, to introduced tall plants, and to lower-growing native plants. Asclepias tuberosa L. elicited a strong response from B. ternarius. In only two of six pairs of wild types and cultivars, bees visited wild types more. Plants with long bloom periods and with small, densely arranged white flowers attracted higher bee visitation than did other configurations (e.g., Origanum vulgare L., one of our most attractive taxa). A general linear model showed that linear combinations of flower density, floral resource height, flower corolla depth, and flowering duration explained significant variation in visitation rates for each of the different bee taxa groups.

Seasonal pollen distribution in the atmosphere of Hobart, Tasmania: preliminary observations and congruence with flowering phenology

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. P. Tng ◽  
F. Hopf ◽  
S. G. Haberle ◽  
D. M. J. S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Atmospheric Pollen

The atmospheric pollen loads of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, were monitored between September 2007 and July 2009. To examine the match of the airborne pollen composition with the flowering duration of their contributing plants, the phenology of native and non-native plants in various habitats near the pollen-trapping site was undertaken between August 2008 and July 2009. The pollen load was found to have a strong seasonal component associated with the start of spring in September. This is incongruent with the peak flowering season of the total taxa in October. In most taxa, atmospheric pollen signatures appeared before flowering was observed in the field. The presence of most pollen types in the atmosphere also exceeded the observed flowering duration of potential pollen-source taxa. Reasons for this may be related to the sampling effort of phenological monitoring, pollen blown in from earlier flowering populations outside of the sampling area, the ability of pollen to be reworked, and the large pollen production of some wind-pollinated taxa. In 2007–2008, 15 pollen types dominated the atmosphere, accounting for 90% of the airborne pollen load. The top six pollen types belonged to Betula, Cupressaceae, Myrtaceae, Salix, Poaceae and Ulmus. Comparatively, the annual pollen load of Hobart is lower than in most other Australian cities; however, the pollen signal of Betula is inordinately high. Native plants play a minor role as pollen contributors, despite the proximity of native habitats to the pollen-sampling location. The implications of the aerobiological observations are discussed in relation to public health.

scholarly journals Increases in multiple resources promote plant invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Yanjie Liu ◽  
Angelina Hardrath ◽  
Huifei Jin ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

Invasion by alien plants is frequently attributed to increased resource availabilities. Still, our understanding is mainly based on effect of single resource. Despite the fact that plants rely on many resources, little is known about how multiple resources affect success of alien plants. Here, with two common garden experiments, one in China and one in Germany, we tested whether nutrient and light availabilities affected the competitive outcomes between alien and native plants. We found that under low resource availabilities or with addition of only one type of resources aliens were not more competitive than natives. However, with a joint increase of nutrients and light intensity, aliens outcompeted natives. Our finding indicates that addition of multiple resources could greatly reduce the number of limiting factors (i.e. niche dimensionality), and that this favors the dominance of alien species. It also indicates that habitats experiencing multiple global changes might be more vulnerable to plant invasion.

scholarly journals Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Cheng ◽  
Viet-Thang Nguyen ◽  
Noel Ndihokubwayo
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Identical Condition ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Specialist Herbivores ◽  
Generalist And Specialist Herbivores

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a typical kind of secondary metabolites in plants, have important roles on defense against herbivores and pathogens; however, specialist herbivores adapted to PAs can use them as cues for oviposition and feeding. Thus, in the native ranges, PA diversity and concentration in plants were selected by the balance between pressure from generalist and specialist herbivores. In introduced ranges, where the specialist herbivores are absent, the introduced plants could increase concentration and diversity of PAs. This predication is deduced from the Shift Defense Hypothesis (SDH). In this research, we investigated whether there were any differences between native and invasive Senecio vulgaris plants (from Europe and China, respectively) with regards to the PA composition and concentration. We grew the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants in an identical condition and harvested them when they started to bloom. Their roots and shoots were separately harvested and dried. PA composition and concentration from powder of the shoots and roots were detected by using liquid chromatography – tanderm mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 14 PAs which belongs to the structural group senecionine – like PAs. Most of them occurred in both the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants, except the usaramine N – oxide that was only found in the native ones. From the 14 PAs identified, only riddelliine N – oxide had significantly higher present frequency in the invasive plants than in the native plants. The invasive S. vulgaris plants had significantly lower concentration of 3 individual PAs (seneciphylline N – oxide, spartioidine and spartioidine N – oxide) than the native ones. These results demonstrated that PA diversity and concentration of some individual PAs tended to reduce in the invasive range of S. vulgaris. This is contrary to the predictions of the SDH that the invasive plants would produce more qualitative defense than the native ones, and it is probably an evidence that a little trade – off between defense and growth happened to the S. vulgaris in China.

scholarly journals Do Cultivars of Native Plants Support Insect Herbivores?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Baisden ◽  
Douglas W. Tallamy ◽  
Desiree L. Narango ◽  
Eileen Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Impact

Native plants are becoming widely used in built landscapes to help mitigate the loss of biodiversity caused by urbanization. The primary advantage of native plant species over introduced ornamentals is their ability to support the development of the insects that fuel vertebrate food webs as well as specialist pollinators. The horticultural industry has introduced many cultivars of native plants to improve their aesthetic value and disease resistance, but there has been little work that measures the impact of these genetic changes on insect herbivores and pollinators. Here we measure how six desirable traits in native woody plant cultivars (leaf color, variegation, fall color, habit, disease resistance, and fruit size) compare with their wild types in terms of their ability to support insect herbivore development, abundance, and species richness. Using a common garden experiment, we quantified the abundance and diversity of insect herbivores using each species and its cultivars for growth and development over a 2-year period, as well as cumulative feed damage over the entire season. We also conducted feeding tests with evergreen bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) to measure the preference of hatchling caterpillars for cultivars vs. straight species. We found that cultivars that had leaves altered from green to red, blue, or purple deterred insect feeding in all three experiments, a preference for variegated cultivars in one of our three experiments, but no consistent pattern of use among the species and cultivars chosen for other traits. These results suggest that the usefulness of native cultivars in restoring insect-driven food webs depends on the cultivar trait that has been selected.

Pollination interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Ana Montero-Castaño ◽  
◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Animal Pollination

Most plant species rely on, or benefit from, animal pollination. Therefore, pollination interactions are expected to play a key role in the reproduction and invasion success of non-native plants in their new areas. Understanding this role will allow us to better predict certain plant invasions. Also, it will allow us to explore the potential of invasion management measures based on disrupting or avoiding pollination interactions. In this chapter we review the available information on reproductive systems and their degree of dependence on animal-mediated pollination of non-native plant species. We review the characteristics of resident pollinators feeding on non-native plants and the different environmental setups that allow or impede non-native plants to reproduce in their new areas. Finally, we explore the scarce literature on invasion management measures based on disrupting pollination interactions and discuss their potentiality. Evidence so far shows that animal pollination does not usually act as an effective barrier to invasion. Most introduced plants are able to receive suitable pollination service from resident pollinators, while others are able to minimize their reliance on pollinators through different mechanisms (e.g. selfing or asexual reproduction). The environmental settings where the introduction occurs (for instance, the presence of neighbours with similar or dissimilar flower morphologies), can play an important role on the success or failure of non-native plants overcoming reproductive barriers. Although it seems that most introduced plants do not face pollination barriers, we consider that, for certain species, the disruption or avoidance of pollination interactions as control or prevention measures deserve further exploration.

Does the introduced bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Apidae), prefer flowers of introduced or native plants in Australia?

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Hingston
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Feral Population ◽  
Introduced Weeds ◽  
Australian Native Plants

Proponents of importation of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (L.), into Australia for pollination of commercial greenhouse crops argue that this species will have little impact on Australian native ecosystems because it prefers to forage on flowers of introduced species of plants rather than Australian native plants. However, data presented as evidence of preference for introduced plants have been equivocal. This study compared the attractiveness of introduced and Australian native plants to free-foraging B. terrestris in a garden at the interface between an urban area and native vegetation in the Australian island of Tasmania, where a feral population of B. terrestris had been established for over 10 years. No evidence was found to support the proposal that B. terrestris forages on flowers of introduced plants in preference to those of Australian native plants. The numbers of B. terrestris seen foraging per 1000 flowers did not differ significantly between introduced plants and Australian native plants, and the preferred food sources of B. terrestris included flowers of both introduced and Australian native species. Because B. terrestris forages frequently on many species of both introduced and native plants, assessments of its ecological impacts must include the effects of altered pollination on recruitment rates in both introduced weeds and native plants, and reduced quantities of nectar and pollen of native plants on recruitment rates of dependent fauna.

scholarly journals Diversified Floral Resource Plantings Support Bee Communities after Apple Bloom in Commercial Orchards

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Heller ◽  
Neelendra K. Joshi ◽  
Timothy Leslie ◽  
Edwin G. Rajotte ◽  
David J. Biddinger
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Nesting Resources ◽  
Floral Resource ◽  
Bee Communities

AbstractNatural habitats, comprised of various flowering plant species, provide food and nesting resources for pollinator species and other beneficial arthropods. Loss of such habitats in agricultural regions and in other human-modified landscapes could be a factor in recent bee declines. Artificially established floral plantings may offset these losses. A multi-year, season-long field study was conducted to examine how wildflower plantings near commercial apple orchards influenced bee communities. We examined bee abundance, species richness, diversity, and species assemblages in both the floral plantings and adjoining apple orchards. We also examined bee community subsets, such as known tree fruit pollinators, rare pollinator species, and bees collected during apple bloom. During this study, a total of 138 species of bees  were collected, which included 100 species in the floral plantings and 116 species in the apple orchards. Abundance of rare bee species was not significantly different between apple orchards and the floral plantings. During apple bloom, the known tree fruit pollinators were more frequently captured in the orchards than the floral plantings. However, after apple bloom, the abundance of known tree fruit pollinating bees increased significantly in the floral plantings, indicating potential for floral plantings to provide additional food and nesting resources when apple flowers are not available.

Research on the Risk Aversion of Plant Introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5351-5354
Author(s):  
Guo Sheng Сhen
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Genetic Pollution ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Space Boundary ◽  
Effective Supervision

Due to human factors, plant introduction that makes the introduced plants cross over insurmountable space boundary under the natural brings benefits to people, but it may give rise to biodiversity decrease, genetic pollution, and habitat destruction and so on. In addition, the exotic plants may also become invasive species, leading to the ecological disaster in new habitat. It is more effective to avoid the risks of plant introduction by taking such following actions: enhancing ecological safety consciousness, strengthening the study on risk mechanism about plant introduction, establishing the introduction risk assessment system suitable for their own national characteristics, strengthening the effective supervision of the plant introduction and making the introduced plants and the local native plants realize the reproductive isolation in space-time and so on.

scholarly journals Ornamental and landscape potential of a bromeliad native to the Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ribeiro Zucchi ◽  
Mayara Wesley da Silva ◽  
Sérgio Tadeu Sibov ◽  
Larissa Leandro Pires
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Living Fences ◽  
Size Contrast ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics ◽  
Biological Reserve

Abstract Bromelia reversacantha Mez is an endemic species of the Cerrado Biome, for which there is no published data about its ornamental potentiality. The objective was to identify the ornamental and landscape potential of this bromeliad native from Cerrado. In September 2015, researchers specialized in the field of native plants evaluated the vegetative, reproductive and aesthetic characteristics of twenty plants of natural occurrence in the Biological Reserve Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo, in Mossâmedes, GO. In a scale of zero to ten, the bromeliad received an average score of 7.1 for the ornamental aspect, being 7.4; 7.3 and 6.6 respectively for the flowering plant, plant with fruits, and plant in the vegetative stage. The vigorous size, contrast, and color of the leaves and bracts, the showy inflorescence, the flowers, and fruits were shown as ornamental attributes. Bromelia reversacantha presents several characteristics favorable to its introduction in landscape projects, suggesting the use in gardens, or as living fences/borders and in pots; as well as in ornamentation in decorative arrangements with the use of inflorescences and fruit bunches.

scholarly journals QTL-seq for the identification of candidate genes for days to flowering and leaf shape in pigeonpea

Heredity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Singh ◽  
Pallavi Sinha ◽  
Jimmy Obala ◽  
Aamir W. Khan ◽  
Annapurna Chitikineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractTo identify genomic segments associated with days to flowering (DF) and leaf shape in pigeonpea, QTL-seq approach has been used in the present study. Genome-wide SNP profiling of extreme phenotypic bulks was conducted for both the traits from the segregating population (F2) derived from the cross combination- ICP 5529 × ICP 11605. A total of 126.63 million paired-end (PE) whole-genome resequencing data were generated for five samples, including one parent ICP 5529 (obcordate leaf and late-flowering plant), early and late flowering pools (EF and LF) and obcordate and lanceolate leaf shape pools (OLF and LLS). The QTL-seq identified two significant genomic regions, one on CcLG03 (1.58 Mb region spanned from 19.22 to 20.80 Mb interval) for days to flowering (LF and EF pools) and another on CcLG08 (2.19 Mb region spanned from 6.69 to 8.88 Mb interval) for OLF and LLF pools, respectively. Analysis of genomic regions associated SNPs with days to flowering and leaf shape revealed 5 genic SNPs present in the unique regions. The identified genomic regions for days to flowering were also validated with the genotyping-by-sequencing based classical QTL mapping method. A comparative analysis of the identified seven genes associated with days to flowering on 12 Fabaceae genomes, showed synteny with 9 genomes. A total of 153 genes were identified through the synteny analysis ranging from 13 to 36. This study demonstrates the usefulness of QTL-seq approach in precise identification of candidate gene(s) for days to flowering and leaf shape which can be deployed for pigeonpea improvement.

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