Reproductive Site Selection: Evidence of an Oviposition Cue in a Highly Adaptive Dipteran, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Tait ◽  
Kyoo Park ◽  
Rachele Nieri ◽  
M Cristina Crava ◽  
Serhan Mermer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Synthetic Blend ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a vinegar fly species that originates from Eastern Asia and has spread throughout Europe and the Americas since its initial detection in United States in 2008. Its relatively large, sclerotized, and serrated ovipositor enables the ability to penetrate ripening fruits, providing a protected environment for its egg and larval stages. Because the mechanism of oviposition site selection of D. suzukii is a matter of hypothesis, the aim of the present study was to elucidate behavioral and chemical aspects of short-range ovipositional site selection within the context of D. suzukii reproductive biology. The preference of D. suzukii to lay eggs on artificially pierced, previously infested, or intact fruits was tested. Video recordings and photographic evidence documented the release of an anal secretion over the fruit surface near the oviposition sites. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 11 compounds detected only on the skin of egg-infested berries. Electroantennographic experiments with both sexes of D. suzukii highlighted the importance of six volatile compounds: methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Finally, a synthetic blend composed of the six compounds in a ratio similar to that found on the skin of egg-infested berries increased the oviposition rate of conspecific females. Data from our work suggest that the identified volatiles are cues for reproductive site selection. We discuss how these oviposition cues may affect the fitness of D. suzukii. The knowledge gained from this study may accelerate establishment of control strategies based on the interference and disruption of D. suzukii communication during the oviposition processes.

scholarly journals Social signals mediate oviposition site selection in Drosophila suzukii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna E. Elsensohn ◽  
Marwa F. K. Aly ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
Hannah J. Burrack
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractThe information that female insects perceive and use during oviposition site selection is complex and varies by species and ecological niche. Even in relatively unexploited niches, females interact directly and indirectly with conspecifics at oviposition sites. These interactions can take the form of host marking and re-assessment of prior oviposition sites during the decision-making process. Considerable research has focused on the niche breadth and host preference of the polyphagous invasive pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), but little information exists on how conspecific signals modulate oviposition behavior. We investigated three layers of social information that female D. suzukii may use in oviposition site selection—(1) pre-existing egg density, (2) pre-existing larval occupation, and (3) host marking by adults. We found that the presence of larvae and host marking, but not egg density, influenced oviposition behavior and that the two factors interacted over time. Adult marking appeared to deter oviposition only in the presence of an unmarked substrate. These results are the first behavioral evidence for a host marking pheromone in a species of Drosophila. These findings may also help elucidate D. suzukii infestation and preference patterns within crop fields and natural areas.

scholarly journals Suboptimal larval habitats modulate oviposition of the malaria vector mosquitoAnopheles gambiae

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunho Suh ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe ◽  
Ahmed M Saveer ◽  
Laurence J Zwiebel
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Dimethyl Disulphide ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of oviposition sites by gravid females is a critical behavioural preference in the reproductive cycle ofAnopheles gambiae, the principal Afrotropical malaria vector mosquito. Several studies suggest this decision is mediated by semiochemicals associated with potential oviposition sites. To better understand the chemosensory basis of this behaviour and identify compounds that can modulate oviposition, we examined the generally held hypothesis that suboptimal larval habitats give rise to semiochemicals that negatively influence the oviposition preference of gravid females. Dual-choice bioassays indicated that oviposition sites conditioned in this manner do indeed foster significant and concentration dependent aversive effects on the oviposition site selection of gravid females. Headspace analyses derived from aversive habitats consistently noted the presence of dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) each of which unitarily affectedAn. gambiaeoviposition preference. Electrophysiological assays across the antennae, maxillary palp, and labellum of gravidAn. gambiaerevealed differential responses to these semiochemicals. Taken together, these findings validate the hypothesis in question and suggest that suboptimal environments forAn. gambiaelarval development results in the release of DMDS, DMTS and sulcatone that impact the response valence of gravid females to directly modulate the chemical ecology of oviposition site selection.

scholarly journals Geosmin attractsAedes aegyptimosquitoes to oviposition sites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Melo ◽  
Gabriella H. Wolff ◽  
Andre Luis Costa-da-Silva ◽  
Robert Arribas ◽  
Merybeth Fernandez Triana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Peel Extract

Geosmin is one of the most recognizable and common microbial smells on the planet. Some insects, like mosquitoes, require microbial-rich environments for their progeny, whereas for other insects such microbes may prove dangerous. In the vinegar flyDrosophila melanogaster, geosmin is decoded in a remarkably precise fashion and induces aversion, presumably signaling the presence of harmful microbes. We have here investigated the effect of geosmin on the behavior of the yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegypti. In contrast to flies, geosmin is not aversive in mosquitoes but stimulates egg-laying site selection. Female mosquitoes could associate geosmin with microbes, including cyanobacteria consumed by larvae, who also find geosmin – as well as geosmin producing cyanobacteria – attractive. Usingin vivomultiphoton imaging from mosquitoes with pan-neural expression of the calcium reporter GCaMP6s, we show thatAe. aegypticode geosmin in a similar fashion to flies, i.e. with extreme sensitivity and with a high degree of selectivity. We further demonstrate that geosmin can be used as bait under field conditions, and finally we show that geosmin, which is both expensive and difficult to obtain, can be substituted by beetroot peel extract, providing a cheap and viable mean of mosquito control and surveillance in developing countries.

scholarly journals Improvement on the genetic engineering of an invasive agricultural pest insect, the cherry vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. M. Ahmed ◽  
Fabienne Heese ◽  
Ernst A. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Germline Transformation ◽  
Φc31 Integrase ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Driver Line

Abstract Background The invasive fly Drosophila suzukii has become an established fruit pest in Europe, the USA, and South America with no effective and safe pest management. Genetic engineering enables the development of transgene-based novel genetic control strategies against insect pests and disease vectors. This, however, requires the establishment of reliable germline transformation techniques. Previous studies have shown that D. suzukii is amenable to transgenesis using the transposon-based vectors piggyBac and Minos, site-specific recombination (lox/Cre), and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Results We experienced differences in the usability of piggyBac-based germline transformation in different strains of D. suzukii: we obtained no transgenic lines in a US strain, a single rare transgenic line in an Italian strain, but observed a reliable transformation rate of 2.5 to 11% in a strain from the French Alps. This difference in efficiency was confirmed by comparative examination of these three strains. In addition, we used an attP landing site line to successfully established φC31-integrase-mediated plasmid integration at a rate of 10% and generated landing site lines with two attP sequences to effectively perform φC31-Recombinase Mediated Cassette Exchange (φC31-RMCE) with 11% efficiency. Moreover, we isolated and used the endogenous regulatory regions of Ds nanos to express φC31 integrase maternally to generate self-docking lines for φC31-RMCE. Besides, we isolated the promoter/enhancer of Ds serendipity α to drive the heterologous tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) during early embryonic development and generated a testes-specific tTA driver line using the endogenous beta-2-tubulin (β2t) promoter/enhancer. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that the D. suzukii strain AM derived from the French Alps is more suitable for piggyBac germline transformation than other strains. We demonstrated the feasibility of using φC31-RMCE in the cherry vinegar fly and generated a set of lines that can be used for highly efficient integration of larger constructs. The φC31-based integration will facilitate modification and stabilization of previously generated transgenic lines that carry at least one attP site in the transgene construction. An early embryo-specific and a spermatogenesis-specific driver line were generated for future use of the binary expression system tet-off to engineer tissue- and stage-specific effector gene expression for genetic pest control strategies.

Nest-site selection in a terrestrially breeding frog with protracted development

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
One Year ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of

Metamorphosis of larvae of the Australian moss frog (Bryobatrachus nimbus) occurs in a terrestrial nest approximately one year after oviposition. Neither parent attends the eggs, thus selection of an appropriate nest site is critical to egg viability. This study examined the dynamics of nest-site utilisation over six years and the characteristics of nests chosen as oviposition sites. Nest cavities were located at ground level amongst heath within one of 10 species of bryophyte, lichen and lycopod. On average, 2.6% of nests contained a male B. nimbus during daytime monitoring during the breeding season, and 7.3% of nests contained an egg mass. Despite an abundance of potentially suitable nests from previous years, males constructed a small proportion (<10%) of new nests each year and new nests were more likely to be used as oviposition sites than older nests. Discriminant function analysis showed that moss nests used as oviposition sites were distinguishable from empty nests by their greater horizontal dimensions. Eggs deposited in wider nests are restricted to fewer layers, and a preference for wider nests may be adaptive because embryonic oxygenation is enhanced under such conditions. However, rather than demonstrating nest-site selection, the use of relatively large nests as oviposition sites may be an artifact of their occupancy by a breeding pair.

Site Selection, Current Design and Management Practices for Land Treatment Units of Petroleum Wastes

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
D. C. P. Casarini ◽  
E. Gloeden ◽  
R. C. de A. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Land Treatment ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Selection Of

Land treatment is defined as the hazardous waste management technology related to application and incorporation of waste into the defined treatment zone of the soil where will occur the degradation, transformation and immobilization of the constituents contained in the applied waste, to ensure protection of surface water and groundwater. This paper describes some criteria for site selection of land treatment facilities used by petroleum refineries, as well as the engineering design, management practices to optimize the process and closure and post-closure techniques.

scholarly journals Zero-Width Quasi-Sliding Mode Band in the Presence of Non-Matched Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3011
Author(s):  
Paweł Latosiński ◽  
Andrzej Bartoszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Relative Degree ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Representative Point ◽  
Mode Control ◽  
Sliding Motion ◽  
Selection Of

Sliding mode control strategies are well known for ensuring robustness of the system with respect to disturbance and model uncertainties. For continuous-time plants, they achieve this property by confining the system state to a particular hyperplane in the state space. Contrary to this, discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) strategies only drive the system representative point to a certain vicinity of that hyperplane. In established literature on DSMC, the width of this vicinity has always been strictly greater than zero in the presence of uncertainties. Thus, ideal sliding motion was considered impossible for discrete-time systems. In this paper, a new approach to DSMC design is presented with the aim of driving the system representative point exactly onto the sliding hyperplane even in the presence of uncertainties. As a result, the quasi-sliding mode band width is effectively reduced to zero and ideal discrete-time sliding motion is ensured. This is achieved with the proper selection of the sliding hyperplane, using the unique properties of relative degree two sliding variables. It is further demonstrated that, even in cases where selection of a relative degree two sliding variable is impossible, one can use the proposed technique to significantly reduce the quasi-sliding mode band width.

Varietal and Developmental Susceptibility of Tart Cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1789-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Kamiyama ◽  
Christelle Guédot
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Tart Cherries

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species of vinegar fly that infests soft-skinned and stone fruits. Since its first detection in the United States, D. suzukii has become a prominent economic threat in fruit crop industries, particularly affecting caneberry and sweet cherry growers. This study examined the susceptibility of tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) to D. suzukii and sampled for larvae and adult D. suzukii during the tart cherry growing season. Four tart cherry cultivars (Montmorency, Balaton, Carmine Jewel, and Kántorjánosi) were tested at three different ripeness stages (unripe, ripening, and ripe), in no-choice laboratory bio-assays. Field monitoring and sampling revealed that first adult D. suzukii detection occurred on 16 June, and first field larval D. suzukii detection occurred on 28 July. Adult D. suzukii populations increased through late August, and high numbers of adults overlapped with the tart cherry harvest. Lab assays indicated that tart cherry cultivars generally became more susceptible to D. suzukii as they ripened. As the fruit developed, °Brix (sugar content) increased and firmness generally decreased. Tart cherry °Brix and firmness were not correlated with the number of D. suzukii eggs per gram of fruit, but showed a significant interaction effect with the number of larvae and adults per gram of fruit. This study shows that tart cherries are largely not susceptible to D. suzukii when unripe and become susceptible as soon as the fruits change color, suggesting that fruits should be protected as soon as they begin to ripen and D. suzukii populations begin to rise.

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