Sex Pheromone Mass Trapping and Mating Disruption for Control of Redbanded Leafroller1 and Grape Berry Moths in Vineyards2

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Taschenberg ◽  
R. T. CardÉ ◽  
W. L. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Mass Trapping

scholarly journals Multiple Mating in the Citrophilous Mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae: Implications for Mating Disruption

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Ricciardi ◽  
Andrea Lucchi ◽  
Giovanni Benelli ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pseudococcus Calceolariae ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Extended Duration

The citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is a primary pest of various crops, including grapevines. The use of insecticides against this species is difficult in most cases because its life cycle includes an extended duration of eggs, juveniles, and adults under the bark and on the roots. Pheromone-based control strategies can present new eco-friendly opportunities to manage this species, as in the case of Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso). With this aim it is critical to understand behavioral aspects that may influence pheromone-based control strategies. Herein, the capability of males to fertilize multiple females was investigated, trying to understand whether this behavior could negatively impact the efficacy of mass trapping, mating disruption, or the lure and kill technique. Results showed that a P. calceolariae male can successfully mate and fertilize up to 13 females. The copulation time in subsequent mating events and the time between copulations did not change over time but the number of matings per day significantly decreased. In a further experiment, we investigated the mate location strategy of P. calceolariae males, testing the attractiveness of different loadings of sex pheromone on males in a flight tunnel. Males constantly exposed to 16 rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone showed a significant decrease in female detection at 1 and 30 μg loadings (0.18 and 0.74 visits per female for each visit per septum, respectively), whereas in the control about 9.2-fold more of the released males successfully detected the female in the center of the array of 16 septa without pheromone. Male location of females in the control (45%) was significantly higher than in the arrays with surrounding pheromone (5% and 20% at 1 and 30 μg loadings, respectively). Mating only occurred in the control arrays (45%). This study represents a useful first step to developing pheromone-based strategies for the control of citrophilous mealybugs.

Development of kairomone-based lures and traps targeting Spilonota ocellana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromones

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J.R. Judd ◽  
Alan. L. Knight ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Release Devices

AbstractSpilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) can be a serious pest of organic apples (Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae)) in British Columbia, Canada. Recent discovery that S. ocellana moths are attracted by a lure combining acetic acid (AA) and benzyl nitrile (BN), identified as a caterpillar-induced apple leaf volatile, provides an opportunity to develop bisexual mass-trapping or monitoring systems. Sticky white delta traps baited with benzyl nitrile (10 mg/red rubber septum) and an acetic-acid co-lure (3 mL AA/3-mm open 8-mL vial) caught significantly more moths than either component alone. Acetic-acid co-lures were weakly attractive but benzyl-nitrile-loaded septa were not attractive. Moth catches with AA+BN lures were unaffected by the size and type of rubber septum used to release benzyl nitrile, but catches increased with increasing loads of benzyl nitrile. Male and total moth catches were maximised using membrane release devices loaded with a mixture of benzyl nitrile and a second caterpillar-induced volatile, 2-phenylethanol (PET), in combination with an acetic-acid co-lure (AA+BN-PET). Female catches with AA+BN-PET and AA+BN lures were equivalent. Placing AA+BN lures in traps baited with female sex pheromone lures reduced male catches, but female catches were unchanged. When sticky liners were replaced weekly, white delta traps baited with AA+BN lures caught more moths than similarly baited white Multipher®-I bucket traps, or transparent UnitrapsTM. Multipher-I traps with a propylene glycol killing agent (250 mL) caught more moths than those with Vapona insecticide strips. In apple orchards treated with mating disruption sex pheromones, traps baited with AA+BN caught slightly more total moths than traps baited with sex pheromone. Weekly, total male+female moth catches with either AA+BN or sex pheromone lures showed similar seasonal patterns in both untreated and pheromone-disrupted orchards, respectively. Long-lasting release devices and an organic killing agent are needed to develop certified organic mass-trapping technologies for management of S. ocellana with the AA+BN kairomone.

EFFICACY OF MATING DISRUPTION FOR CONTROLLING THE GRAPE BERRY MOTH, ENDOPIZA VITEANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A CASE STUDY OVER THREE CONSECUTIVE GROWING SEASONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Treated Plot

AbstractSex pheromone-mediated mating disruption was used to control the grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), at two farms in the Niagara peninsula, Ontario, during three consecutive growing seasons, 1989 through 1991, to determine if earlier observed between-generation increases in the percentage of infested grape clusters would continue between growing seasons. The relative performance of the pheromone treatment was assessed by comparing the percentage of infested clusters in the pheromone-treated plot with the percentage of infested clusters in an adjacent, insecticide-treated plot. Although the percentage of infested clusters increased from 1.7- to 56.5-fold between successive generations in the pheromone-treated plots, there was no indication that the level of infestation at harvest affected the level of infestation the following spring. At one farm, the percentage of infested clusters was greater in the pheromone-treated than in the insecticide-treated plot during 1989, but during 1990 and 1991, the level of infestation was similar in the two plots. At the other farm, the level of infestation was from 2- to 3-fold greater in the insecticide-treated than in the pheromone-treated plot.

EVALUATION OF A NATURAL RUBBER SLEEVE STOPPER AS A CONTROLLED-RELEASE SUBSTRATE FOR USE IN STUDIES OF SEX-PHEROMONE-MEDIATED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
C.A. Tyndall ◽  
B.D. McGarvey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Rubber Sleeve ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Decline ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

AbstractNatural rubber sleeve stoppers were impregnated with 10 mg of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl-acetate, the major component of spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), pheromone. In the laboratory, there was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. At 30 and 35 °C, the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation ranged from 0.03 mg/day at 10 °C to 0.08 mg/day at 25 °C; the rate of evaporation at 30 and 35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. There was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to fluctuating temperature regimes with average temperatures of 10 °C (i.e., 5–15 °C) and 20 °C (i.e., 15–25 °C). At a fluctuating regime with an average temperature of 30 °C (i.e., 25–35 °C), the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation was 0.02 and 0.09 mg/day at 5–15 and 15–25 °C, respectively; the estimated daily rate of evaporation at 25–35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. In an orchard, the estimated average rate of evaporation of pheromone from stoppers ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 mg/day and did not vary significantly with temperature. During the first 4 weeks of exposure in an orchard, the observed rate of evaporation was up to 4.4-fold greater than the rate predicted using the relationship between evaporation rate and constant temperatures observed in the laboratory. The potential for using natural rubber sleeve stoppers as controlled-release substrates in studies of sex-pheromone-mediated mating disruption of P. blancardella is discussed.

Sprayable pheromone for controlling the North American grape berry moth by mating disruption

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble ◽  
P. M. Vickers ◽  
K. E. Nielsen ◽  
G. Barinshteyn
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
The North

Sex Pheromone Dosages and Release Point Densities for Mating Disruption of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in NE China Corn Fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-925
Author(s):  
Ri-zhao Chen ◽  
Chung-kuang Jow ◽  
Michael G. Klein ◽  
Yu-di Jia ◽  
Da-yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Corn Fields

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Various Solar Light Traps With and Without Sex Pheromone for Mass Trapping of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) in a Tomato Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Hossein PEZHMAN ◽  
Karim SAEIDI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner

Tuta absolute was a quarantine pest in Iran that has been recorded for the first time in 2009. The most conventional methods for control of this pest in Iran are chemical methods and mass trapping, although the efficiency of the latter method is not clear. In 2013, the efficiency of three common types of solar light traps with and without sex pheromone, along with water pan pheromone traps for control, were investigated. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design within in a tomato field. The treatments were Behroyan light trap (BL), Zist bani light trap (ZL), Russell light trap (RL), BL + pheromone, ZL+ pheromone, RL+ pheromone and water pan pheromone trap (WPT). Traps were checked weekly and the number of captured tomato leaf miner (TLM), Noctuid moths, Chrysopa sp., Coccinella septempuctata and Syrphid flies were counted. Mean weekly capture of TLM in BL, ZL and RL traps without sex pheromone were 9.11 ± 1.16, 4.94 ± 0.24 and 1.66 ± 0.7, while within traps sex pheromone were 54.72 ± 11.8, 42.05 ± 6.47, 39.02 ± 2.82, respectively. The mean weekly capture of Noctuid moths in the traps without pheromone were 16.92 ± 1.39, 25.39 ± 0.57, 1.49 ± 0.27 and with pheromone were 21.04 ± 1.72, 28.09 ± 0.95, 2.76 ± 1.39, respectively. Mean weekly capture of TLM and Noctuid moths in WPT traps were 47.13 ± 3.06 and 0.73 ± 0.27, respectively. The total attracted numbers of predators by the three light traps were not significant. In conclusion, traps baited sex pheromone (especially BL and ZL) could be used as eco- friendly tools for mass trapping of TLM and some key Noctuid moth pests in isolated tomato fields.

scholarly journals Past and future of sustainable viticulture in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
O. Viret ◽  
J.-L. Spring ◽  
V. Zufferey ◽  
K. Gindro ◽  
C. Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Calibration Development ◽  
Education Process

Switzerland is a pioneer country in the development of integrated production (IP) and integrated pest management (IPM). The overall goal is sustainability at the ecological, economic and social level to produce high quality grapes. In 1993, the IP-IPM head-organisation VITISWISS was created. The starting points were the improvement of pest management by the biocontrol of spider mites and the control of grape berry moths by mating disruption and an optimal soil management, followed over the years by state-of-the-art sprayer calibration, development of disease forecasting models (AgroMeteo, VitiMeteo), leaf-area adapted dosage of plant protection products, enhanced biodiversity, water and cover crop management. The efforts and the results gained in a continuous education process by the growers are considerable, but not enough for consumers and politics concerned by the use of plant protection products. The absence of acaricides and insecticides as well as forecasting systems available on the internet (www.agrometeo.ch) for the control of downy and powdery mildew, represent the major progresses. Where mechanisation is possible, herbicides can progressively be replaced by mechanical technics, which is not possible in steep vineyards. The general irrational unscientific trend against “synthetic” plant protection products requests alternatives for the control of fungal diseases and for cover crop management under the vine rows to avoid excessive water-nitrogen competition particularly in the actual context of climate change.

SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF ENARMONIA FORMOSANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crawford McNair ◽  
Gerhard Gries ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Heterospecific Male ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Cross Attraction ◽  
Pheromone Glands ◽  
Pheromone Blend ◽  
Enarmonia Formosana

Abstract(E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc) are major components of the sex pheromone of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), in British Columbia. The compounds were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and coupled GC – mass spectrometry. In field experiments, traps baited with E9-12:OAc or Z9-12:OAc singly were unattractive to male CBT, but in combination at ratios of 50:50 or 40:60 captured numerous males. Increasing quantities of this two-component pheromone blend resulted in increasing captures of male CBT. This binary blend at a 10-mg dose caught more CBT males that did caged virgin CBT females. Eight other EAD-active acetates identified in extracts of pheromone glands failed to enhance attractiveness of the pheromone blend. These compounds may serve to reduce cross-attraction of heterospecific male moths or may play a role in courtship behaviour. Formulations of synthetic pheromone are being evaluated for management of the CBT using mass trapping or disorientation of male CBT moths.

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