Effect of Temperature on Pupal Development and Eclosion Dates in the Reindeer Oestrids Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe (Diptera: Oestridae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne C. Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Cephenemyia Trompe ◽  
Hypoderma Tarandi

The effect of temperature on the consumption of fat during pupal development inGlossina.

1960 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bursell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Different Temperatures

The size-specific fat content of tsetse flies recently emerged from their puparia was determined and by comparison with the size-specific fat content of newly deposited larvae an estimate was obtained of the consumption of fat during pupal development. Experiments withGlossina morsitansWestw. were carried out at a number of different temperatures and it was found that the amount of fat consumed was least at temperatures between 22 and 24°C.Knowing the duration of the pupal period at different temperatures, the rate of fat consumption could be calculated and the logarithm of this rate was found to be linearly related to temperature. The occurrence of an optimum temperature in respect of fat consumption thus reflects the fact that at high temperatures the rate of fat consumption is greatly increased without a corresponding reduction in the duration of the pupal period, whereas at low temperatures the pupal period is very greatly lengthened without a corresponding decrease in the rate of fat consumption.

scholarly journals Defence behaviour of reindeer in response to flying parasitic Diptera

Rangifer ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Karter ◽  
Ivar Folstad
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Attack Angle ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Defence Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cephenemyia Trompe ◽  
Hypoderma Tarandi

<p>Similar defence behaviours were exhibited by a reindeer when experimentally exposed to three different species of tethered, flying parasitic Diptera, Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer), Hypoderma tarandi (L) and Tabanid. Defencive behavioural responses appeared to be related to attack angle, and were not elicited by auditory stimuli. These observations raise questions about the validity of parasite species-specific defence responses in reindeer.</p><p>Forsvars-adferd hos rein angrepet av flyvende, parasittiske diptera.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Likeartet forsvars-adferd ble utvist av en rein som ble eksperimentelt utsatt for tre forskjellige arter av bundne, flyvende parasittiske diptera, Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer), Hypoderma tarandi (L) og Tabanid. Den forsvarsmessige adferd syntes &aring; ha sammenheng med parasittenes angreps-vinkel og ble ikke utl&oslash;st av lydstimuli. Disse observasjoner reiser sp&oslash;rsm&aring;l om gyldigheten av parasitt&aelig;re artsspesifikke forsvarsreaksjoner hos rein.</p><p>Poron puolustusk&agrave;ytt&agrave;ytyminen lent&agrave;vi&agrave; kaksisiipisi&agrave; (Diptera) hy&ocirc;nteisi&agrave; vastaan.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Poro k&agrave;ytt&agrave;ytyi samalla tavalla kun se joutui tekemisiin kolmen kiinniolevan lent&agrave;v&acirc;n kaksisiipisen hy&ocirc;nteisen: saulakan {Cephenemyia trompe Modeer), kurumupaarman {Hypoderma tarandi L) ja parman kanssa. Puolustusk&agrave;ytt&agrave;ytyminen riippui hy&ocirc;nteisen l&agrave;hestymiskulv&agrave;t kysymyksi&agrave; lajispesifisen puolustusk&agrave;ytt&agrave;ytymisen esiintymisest&agrave; proolla hy&ocirc;nteisi&agrave; vastaan.</p>

Flight capacity of the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi (L.), and the reindeer nose bot fly, Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Oestridae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne C. Nilssen ◽  
John R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Cephenemyia Trompe ◽  
Hypoderma Tarandi

The performance of tethered flies on a laboratory flight mill was used to assess the flight capacity of Hypoderma tarandi (L.) and Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer). Maximum total flying times for H. tarandi females were 31.5 h, but most flies flew < 20 h (mean 8.5 h (SD 7.2 h)). The longest continuous flight was 12 h. For both species, mating greatly altered the flight behaviour of females. Unmated laboratory-reared females were reluctant to fly, and flew less continuously than mated wild-caught flies. Hypoderma tarandi males typically flew for short periods of a few minutes with long rests between flights. Cephenemyia trompe females seldom exceeded 10 h of total flying time (mean 4.9 h (SD 3.2 h), maximum 10.8 h), but were capable of many hours of sustained flight. Field-trapped C. trompe males normally flew < 8 h (mean 2.8 h (SD 2.1 h), maximum 7.1 h). In free flight the speed of C. trompe males was ≈8 m/s. Maximum flight distances during the lifetime of a fly were estimated to be 600–900 km for female H. tarandi, 220–330 km for female C. trompe, and 200–400 km for males of both species. Hypoderma tarandi could maximally reduce its mass to about 40% of initial mass, and the mass loss rate during flight was 3.5-fold that of basal metabolism (i.e., without flying) at 22 °C. The adaptive significance of the extraordinary capacity for sustained flight of female oestrids is related to the migratory behaviour of their vertebrate host, Rangifer tarandus (L.).

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EMERGENCE OF OVERWINTERING PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN NOVA SCOTIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Threshold Of Development

AbstractAdult emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), and its primary endoparasite, Apanteles ornigis Weed, from overwintering pupae was studied at five constant temperatures. Days to 50% emergence for P. blancardella were 55.4, 24.4, 14.4, 10.8, and 8.3 and for A. ornigis were ∞, 47.8, 25.6, 17.6, and 15.1 at 8°, 12°, 16°, 20°, and 24 °C, respectively. The rate of pupal development was approximately a linear function of temperature for P. blancardella but was nonlinear for A. ornigis. The threshold of development, estimated from the 50% emergence data, was 4.4 ±.33 °C for the host and 9.6 ±.50 °C for the parasite. The development time for the host was approximately one half that for the parasite at temperatures 12°–24 °C. The difference in emergence dates between host and parasite under normal Nova Scotia conditions was predicted to be 35 days. The timing of chemical controls in an integrated pest management program could be predicted from the accumulation of daily development units based on the power function for both species, provided a field study is undertaken to confirm the extrapolation to diurnal temperature regimes.

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