Toxicity and Repellency of 4–Allylanisole and Monoterpenes from White Spruce and Tamarack to the Spruce Beetle and Eastern Larch Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Spruce Beetle

White spruce regeneration following a major spruce beetle outbreak in forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (10) ◽  
pp. 3571-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Boggs ◽  
Michelle Sturdy ◽  
Daniel J. Rinella ◽  
Matthew J. Rinella
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Field Evaluation of Fenitrothion, Permethrin, and Chlorpyrifos for Protecting White Spruce Trees from Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Attack in Alaska1

1984 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Robert D. Averill ◽  
Felton L. Hastings ◽  
Jerry W. Hilgert ◽  
U. E. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Mortality of white spruce during a spruce beetle outbreak on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Edward H. Holsten
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
South Central ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

White spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in the Resurrection Creek watershed in south-central Alaska were infested by spruce bettles, Dendroctonusrufipennis Kirby, between 1974 and 1975. Thirty permanent plots were established within the infested area in 1976 to evaluate the immediate and long-term impact on white spruce stands. Plots were revisited annually for 5 years. Between 1976 and 1980, 29% of all white spruce was killed by spruce beetles. This loss accounted for 59% of the commercial white spruce volume in the watershed. Mortality was greatest in the larger diameter classes during the early part of the infestation, but smaller diameter trees were subsequently attacked as the number of noninfested trees declined. The impact of spruce beetles on structure and species composition of white spruce stands is given along with a discussion of management implications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRUCE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA) INFESTATION IN FELLED WHITE SPRUCE IN ALASKA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm M. Furniss ◽  
Bruce H. Baker ◽  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Larry C. Yarger
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dryocoetes Affaber ◽  
Spruce Beetle

AbstractThe antiaggregation pheroraone MCH was ineffective in preventing spruce beetle infestation in felled spruce near Hope, Alaska. In October, most progeny were larvae but some were pupae and new adults. Densities of spruce beetle attacks and progeny on the shaded under side of stems were about twice those on the upper side, whereas attacks of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dryocoetes affaber (Mann.) on the upper side were 100 times those on the under side. Ips tridens engelmanni Swain was present in only 2% of bark samples. Entomophagous insects were scarce; only Medetera sp. and Coeloides sp. were found. Spruce beetle progeny were 45 times more abundant than attacking parents. Factors affecting the efficiency of sampling spruce beetle attacks and progeny are discussed.

Comparison of white, Sitka, and Lutz spruce as hosts of the spruce beetle in Alaska

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Holsten ◽  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
South Central ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
High Precipitation

When white spruce is infested with spruce beetle broods, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby), more beetles are produced than when Lutz and Sitka spruce are infested. In spite of host suitability differences, outbreaks of the spruce beetle have been more frequent and severe in stands of Lutz spruce than in white or Sitka spruce. Host suitability may be as important as host susceptibility and weather conditions in the development of spruce beetle outbreaks in south central Alaska. Cool summer temperatures and high precipitation limit the rate of development and growth of beetles in maritime Sitka spruce stands of southeast Alaska, but in white spruce stands of interior Alaska, cold winter temperatures usually help to maintain endemic levels. When these environmental factors are ameliorated, however, spruce beetle populations increase rapidly to epidemic levels.

The impact of tree and stand characteristics on spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) induced mortality of white spruce in the Copper River Basin, Alaska

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Doak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

I examined the relationships between individual and stand-level characteristics of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and the incidence of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, induced mortality. The study region, in the Kennicott Valley of the Copper River Basin, Alaska, has contained an active spruce beetle epidemic since 1989. I investigated the relationship among the individual traits of host age, size (diameter at breast height, DBH), and growth rate (basal area increment, BAI) and mortality from the spruce beetle. I also examined the effects of stand density, mean DBH, and mean BAI on percent mortality within plots. Survival was higher for younger, smaller, and faster-growing trees. However, the effect of age is not significant when included in a logistic regression model examining the effect of individual host traits on host survival. Mortality increased with increasing DBH and decreasing BAI, and there was a significant interaction between DBH and BAI. While the proportion of individuals killed by the spruce beetle significantly differed between stands, I found no significant relationships between stand-level characteristics and mortality rate. This research suggests that the individual traits of host size and growth rate, as well as their interaction are the best predictors of susceptibility to spruce beetle-induced mortality in this system.

Vulnerability of white spruce with slowly expanding lower boles on dry, cold sites to early seasonal attack by spruce beetles in south central Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hard
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Tree Expansion ◽  
South Central ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tree Radial Growth

Two stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), one on a south aspect and one on a north aspect on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, were sampled intensively to determine site and host variables associated with high attack densities by spruce beetle, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby). Attacks peaked during the early phase of tree radial growth on both aspects as the rate of tree expansion slowed. Generally, the first trees attacked, also the most heavily attacked, expanded more slowly before and after beetle attack than did trees attacked later or not at all. High attack densities were concentrated in trees on dry, cold soils. Mean percent basal-area growth of plots was inversely related to stocking of live spruce and to percentage of sample trees attacked and killed.

Susceptibility of white spruce to attack by spruce beetles during the early years of an outbreak in Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hard ◽  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Edward H. Holsten
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Rating Model ◽  
Hazard Rating

Twenty-five variable sample plots were examined in mature white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands, in southcentral Alaska. These stands, located in the Canyon Creek – Quartz Creek valley on the Kenai Peninsula, have been infested by spruce beetle, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby), since 1978. Diameter was not an important criterion for spruce susceptibility to attack or death unless large diameter was coupled with slower than average radial growth in the last 5 years, an apparent indicator of current tree vigor. A sigmoid transformation of percent mortality of spruce was inversely related to the logarithm of mean cumulative radial growth of spruce in the last 5 years and was directly related to number of spruce per hectare greater than 24.1 cm in diameter. This relationship is portrayed graphically as a rudimentary stand hazard rating model.

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