Periodic Mass Rearing and Harvesting Based on the Theories of Both the Age-Specific Life Table and the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Chi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Rearing

Unsuccessful Host Stinging by Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Impacts Population Parameters of the Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jie Jia ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Tong-Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Aphelinus Asychis ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Host Life

Abstract The biocontrol values of natural enemies are strongly correlated to their ability to regulate the density of their host/prey. For parasitoids, apart from parasitism and host feeding, unsuccessful host stinging (i.e., stings that were aborted, abandoned, or discontinued without oviposition or host feeding) can also negatively affect their hosts and host populations. Although several studies have reported unsuccessful host stinging and its impacts on hosts, the effects of this type of attack on host life table parameters are still unclear. In the present study, we used the parasitoid Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and its host Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to investigate the influence of unsuccessful host stinging on host populations under laboratory conditions at. Biological parameters of A. pisum were analyzed using an age stage, two-sex life table. The results of this study showed that unsuccessful host stinging was prevalent under laboratory conditions, and the frequency of this type of attack on third- and fourth-instar hosts was higher than the frequencies of parasitism and host feeding. Unsuccessful host stinging adversely impacted aphid populations, by decreasing aphid survival and reproduction, and impacts were greatest in hosts attacked at the first and fourth instars. These results indicate that unsuccessful host stinging enhances the biological control impact of A. asychis attacking A. pisum, and its effect on host populations should also be considered when selecting and mass rearing of parasitoids for biological control.

scholarly journals Bionomics of Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three host plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sétamou ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
N.A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
H-M. Poehling ◽  
C. Borgemeister
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Mussidia Nigrivenella

AbstractLife table studies of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, a pest of maize in Benin, showed that host plant species had a significant effect on larval survival and developmental time. The maximum percentage of larvae surviving was recorded on jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis (36%) and lowest on maize (18%). Mean developmental time for larvae was longest on maize (19.8 days) and shortest on jackbean (17.2 days). The number of eggs laid was highest for females from larvae fed on jackbean (x– = 176), followed by velvetbean, Mucuna pruriens(x– = 143), and lowest for females where larvae had fed on maize (x–= 127). Longevity of ovipositing females was higher on jackbean (5.4 days) than of those from any other host plants. According to the growth index and life table statistics, jackbean was the most suitable host plant, followed by velvetbean, and maize, the least suitable. Thus, jackbeans should be recommended for use in mass rearing programmes of M.nigrivenella, e.g. as a host for parasitoids in future biological control programmes. Because of the high suitability of jack- and velvetbeans for M.nigrivenella, planting of these increasingly important cover crops should be timed in such a manner that the emergence of female moths from mature pods does not coincide with maize plants in a suitable developmental stage for oviposition and development of young M. nigrivenella larvae.

scholarly journals Demography and Mass Rearing of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Fed on Two Species of Stored-Product Mites and Their Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2604-2612
Author(s):  
Faeze Asgari ◽  
Hamid Reza Sarraf Moayeri ◽  
Aurang Kavousi ◽  
Annie Enkegaard ◽  
Hsin Chi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) is one of the most important biological control agents and has been used in many countries. In this study, the suitability of Carpoglyphus lactis L. (Acari: Carpoglyphidae), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), and their mixture for rearing A. swirskii was evaluated by using the two-sex life table. When reared on C. lactis, the durations of egg, deutonymph, total preadult, total preoviposition period, and adult male longevity of A. swirskii (1.95, 1.17, 6.13, 6.30, and 10.09 d, respectively) were significantly shorter than those reared on the mixed prey (2.05, 1.45, 6.55, 6.64, and 15.56 d, respectively). When reared on the mixed prey, however, the fecundity (110.21 eggs/female) of A. swirskii was significantly higher in comparison with those solely reared on C. lactis (82.17 eggs/female) or on T. putrescentiae (98.23 eggs/female). When reared on the mixed diet, the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.3792 d−1), finite rate of population increase (λ = 1.4611 d−1), and net reproductive rate (R0 = 79.69 offspring) of A. swirskii were significantly higher than those on single-species diets. For a daily production of 10,000 eggs of A. swirskii, a smaller population size (2,626 individuals) of A. swirskii is needed when reared on the mixed diet, in contrast to the 4,332 individuals on C. lactis and 3,778 individuals on T. putrescentiae. The population projection and mass-rearing analysis based on life table showed that the mixed diet was the most suitable and economical diet for the mass-rearing of A. swirskii.

Fertility life table and biology of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elania Clementino Fernandes ◽  
Mariana Macedo Souza ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Janisete Gomes Silva ◽  
Elton Lucio Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Tetrastichus giffardianus is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of tephritids, including Ceratitis capitata, which is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant temperatures on the biology and development of the egg-adult period of T. giffardianus in larvae/pupae of C. capitata to construct a fertility life table. The study was carried out in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photophase of 12 h. Complete egg and larval development occurred only at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. The mean longevity of males and females was inversely proportional to temperature. The time of development of the pre-imaginal period was influenced by temperature and ranged from 41 days at 20°C to 11 days at 25°C. The best T. giffardianus performance occurred at 25°C when the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21, the mean generation time was 20.43 days, the time required to double the population was 3.33 days, and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.23. The results of this study provided information for the establishment of mass rearing and an evaluation of the adaptability of T. giffardianus to different environments, which is necessary for the use of this parasitoid in the biological control of tephritid pests, particularly C. capitata.

scholarly journals The Fitness of Mass Rearing Food on the Establishment of Chrysopa pallens in a Banker Plant System under Fluctuating Temperature Conditions

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Mingcheng Guo ◽  
Huijie Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Founder Population ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Banker Plant

Banker plant systems can be used to sustain a reproducing population of biological control agents (BCAs) within a crop, thus providing long-term pest suppression. The founder population of natural enemies in banker plant systems is usually mass-reared on factitious hosts. Thus, a better understanding of the population fitness and pest control performance of mass-reared BCAs in the field is crucial when developing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. In this study, we determined the fitness of the generalist predator, Chrysopa pallens (Hemiptera: Chrysopidae) ever cultured on different food sources (i.e., mass rearing food, Corcyra cephalonica eggs, and aphid food, Megoura japonica) preying on Aphis craccivora in a banker plant system in a greenhouse based on Chi’s age-stage, two-sex life table analysis method. The life tables and predation rate parameters of C. pallens were not significantly different between both treatments under fluctuating temperature conditions. Corcyracephalonica eggs did not significantly weaken the performances of C. pallens in a Vicia faba–A. craccivora banker plant system compared to aphids. In conclusion, C. cephalonica eggs can be used for the mass production of C. pallens as the founder population in a banker plant system. Moreover, linking the life table data with the predation rate is an effective strategy for evaluating mass rearing programs in establishing banker plant systems.

Density-Dependent Demography and Mass-Rearing ofCarposina sasakii(Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) Incorporating Life Table Variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Dandan Feng ◽  
Qiqi Xue ◽  
Tingling Meng ◽  
Ruiyan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Density Dependent
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