Performance of Phenological Models Under Variable Temperature Regimes: Consequences of the Kaufmann or Rate Summation Effect

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Worner
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Summation Effect ◽  
Temperature Regimes

scholarly journals Proteomic Signatures of Corals from Thermodynamic Reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Anderson B. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Seriatopora Hystrix

Unlike most parts of the world, coral reefs of Taiwan’s deep south have generally been spared from climate change-induced degradation. This has been linked to the oceanographically unique nature of Nanwan Bay, where intense upwelling occurs. Specifically, large-amplitude internal waves cause shifts in temperature of 6–9 °C over the course of several hours, and the resident corals not only thrive under such conditions, but they have also been shown to withstand multi-month laboratory incubations at experimentally elevated temperatures. To gain insight into the sub-cellular basis of acclimation to upwelling, proteins isolated from reef corals (Seriatopora hystrix) featured in laboratory-based reciprocal transplant studies in which corals from upwelling and non-upwelling control reefs (<20 km away) were exposed to stable or variable temperature regimes were analyzed via label-based proteomics (iTRAQ). Corals exposed to their “native” temperature conditions for seven days (1) demonstrated highest growth rates and (2) were most distinct from one another with respect to their protein signatures. The latter observation was driven by the fact that two Symbiodiniaceae lipid trafficking proteins, sec1a and sec34, were marginally up-regulated in corals exposed to their native temperature conditions. Alongside the marked degree of proteomic “site fidelity” documented, this dataset sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying acclimatization to thermodynamically extreme conditions in situ.

SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT IN POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Stinner ◽  
G. D. Butler ◽  
J. S. Bacheler ◽  
C. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Population Dynamics Models ◽  
Dynamics Models

AbstractThe simulation of variability in temperature-dependent development is discussed. An algorithm for simulation of this variability is developed and validated under constant and variable temperature regimes for Anthonomus grandis, Trichoplusia ni, and Heliothis zea.

scholarly journals Thermal sensitivity and seasonal change in the gut microbiome of a desert ant, Cephalotes rohweri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall S McMunn ◽  
Asher I Hudson ◽  
Ash Zemenick ◽  
Monika Egerer ◽  
Stacy M Philpott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Desert Ant ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Response To Temperature

Microorganisms within ectotherms must withstand the variable body temperatures of their hosts. Shifts in host body temperature resulting from climate change have the potential to shape ectotherm microbiome composition. Microbiome compositional changes occurring in response to temperature in nature have not been frequently examined, restricting our ability to predict microbe-mediated ectotherm responses to climate change. In a set of field-based observations, we characterized gut bacterial communities and thermal exposure across a population of desert arboreal ants (Cephalotes rohweri). In a paired growth chamber experiment, we exposed ant colonies to variable temperature regimes differing by 5 C for three months. We found that the abundance and composition of ant-associated bacteria were sensitive to elevated temperatures in both field and laboratory experiments. We observed a subset of taxa that responded similarly to temperature in the experimental and observational study, suggesting a role of seasonal temperature and local temperature differences amongst nests in shaping microbiomes within the ant population. Bacterial mutualists in the genus Cephalotococcus (Opitutales: Opitutaceae) were especially sensitive to change in temperature - decreasing in abundance in naturally warm summer nests and warm growth chambers. We also report the discovery of a member of the Candidate Phlya Radiation (Phylum: Gracilibacteria), a suspected epibiont, found in low abundance within the guts of this ant species.

scholarly journals How will the key marine calcifier <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> respond to a warmer and more thermally variable ocean?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4393-4409
Author(s):  
Xinwei Wang ◽  
Feixue Fu ◽  
Pingping Qu ◽  
Joshua D. Kling ◽  
Haibo Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Thermal Variation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Ocean Productivity ◽  
Extreme High Temperature

Abstract. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 ∘C) and high (25.5 ∘C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate.

A TEMPERATURE- AND AGE-DEPENDENT SIMULATION MODEL OF REPRODUCTION FOR THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA BARBERI SMITH AND LAWRENCE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Naranjo ◽  
Alan J. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Diabrotica Barberi ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Independent Distribution

AbstractBased on data collected at seven constant temperatures, a temperature- and age-dependent model for reproductive development and oviposition by Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence was developed. The model couples temperature-dependent rate and temperature-independent distribution models to represent the observed variability in developmental times for pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive females. Using a cohort approach to maintain a physiological age structure, development was coupled with a temperature- and age-dependent model of oviposition. The model was validated at one constant-temperature and three variable-temperature regimes in the laboratory. The time spent in the pre-reproductive stage was slightly underestimated by the model, but the development of mature females and both the timing and magnitude of oviposition under fluctuating-temperature regimes were accurately predicted. The model was relatively insensitive to errors in estimation of the rate of development in the pre-reproductive stage but sensitive to errors in estimation of developmental rate of the reproductive stage and fecundity. Errors in input temperatures were found to be very important, stressing the need for accurately measuring temperature, The major driving variable. The model should be a valuable aid toward understanding oviposition by D. barberi in the field.

Infection of radiata and bishop pine by Mycosphaerella pini in California

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2529-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Muir ◽  
Fields W Cobb, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Germ Tubes

Infection of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) and bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) by Myco sphaerella pini Rostr. in Munk was determined on needles of infected forest trees in central to northern coastal California. Conidia from infected trees were used to inoculate radiata pine seedlings maintained in constant and (or) fluctuating moisture and temperature regimes. On needles of radiata pine but not bishop pine plantation trees, most conidial germ tubes grew directly towards and entered the nearest epistomatal opening. On inoculated radiata pine seedlings in infection chambers, germ tubes grew haphazardly and few entered openings. Germ tubes entered epistomatal openings more often on abaxial than adaxial needle surfaces of both plantation trees and inoculated seedlings, and more lesions developed on the abaxial surface. Simple hyphae penetrated through epistomatal chambers, between guard cells, and into substomatal chambers. On radiata pine plantation trees, germ tubes that penetrated below guard cells occasionally formed substomatal vesicles. On needles of northern race bishop pine that had few disease lesions per needle, substomatal vesicles were common and frequently partially disintegrated. On seedlings, "water-soaked" spots formed 5 days after hyphae of the fungus penetrated slightly below guard cells. Development of typical lesions was delayed when seedlings were initially exposed to up to 16 days of continuous mist spray and then kept dry for 8 weeks. Penetration on inoculated seedlings was significantly greater in a variable than in a constant air temperature regime on abaxial needle surfaces, and greater in 24 h/day than in a 16 h/day exposure of seedlings to mist spray. In both temperature regimes more needles were infected on seedlings exposed to 24 h/day mist spray and fewest were infected in the variable temperature, 16 h/day moisture regime.

scholarly journals Bioenergetics of the western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with comments on endotherm and ectotherm population energetics

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Reichenbach ◽  
Gordon R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Population Energetics

Energetic components (respiration, consumption, frass production, and growth) for larvae of the western spruce budworm (WSB), Choristoneura occidentalis, were modeled using multiple regression techniques for a range of temperatures (10–31 °C) and body weights (5–200 mg). These functions were used in a simulation of the bioenergetics of the WSB under different variable temperature regimes (average temperatures ranging from 10 to 22 °C). Simulation results showed that production increased as temperature increased. Net production efficiencies remained high (maximum ca. 32%) for all temperature regimes save the lowest, in which the maximum net production efficiency (production/assimilation) was 16%. Final assimilation efficiencies ranged from 50 to 52%. Early instar larvae had low total respiration costs, high assimilation efficiencies, low consumption rates, and rapid rates of tissue production. As the larvae increased in size, consumption rates increased, assimilation efficiencies declined, yet the total amount of energy assimilated increased so that production continued. Population energetics of the larvae showed that WSB were similar to other herbivorous ectotherms. Relative to endotherms, ectotherm populations consume similar quantities of energy and exist at higher biomasses per unit area.

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