Developmental Time in Relation to Temperature for Microplitis croceipes, M. demolitor, Cotesia kazak (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Hyposoter didymator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Endoparasitoids of the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glynn Tillman ◽  
Janine E. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Hyposoter Didymator ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Development in Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Treated with Bacillus thuringiensis and Thiodicarb

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Atwood ◽  
T. J. Kring ◽  
S. Y. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki and thiodicarb were evaluated in laboratory and field assays to determine the effect on tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson. Laboratory trials were conducted using B. thuringiensis concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm and thiodicarb concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm in the diet. The test using field-treated cotton squares was conducted using B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb, independently and in combination, at rates recommended for resistance management in Arkansas. Laboratory tests indicated that tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations, although B. thuringiensis only significantly increased tobacco budworm mortality at the highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitization. Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 days. Although host mortality increased linearly with increasing thiodicarb concentration, parasitization did not significantly increase host mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14. Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration. In assays using squares from field-sprayed cotton, thiodicarb and thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone. In addition, no significant advantage was determined for tank mixtures with B. thuringiensis as compared to thiodicarb application alone. However, neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes.

Effects of the sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (22) ◽  
pp. 3935-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Eun Jeong ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hee Hwang ◽  
Douglas C. Knipple
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

SUMMARY We investigated the effects of sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta. We found that continuous feeding of oleander sap during the larval period significantly affects fertility in males but not in females. This effect was also induced by direct injection of oleander sap into the hemocoel of 2-day-old pupae. Histological analyses of developing testes following oleander injection revealed a developmental delay and progressively more severe morphological abnormalities in the later stages of development. The effects of oleander sap on spermatogenesis in H. assulta were associated with greatly reduced levels of the two major polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in testis compared with saline-injected controls. In contrast, levels of putrescine, which is a precursor of both spermidine and spermine, and the activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine, were initially elevated following oleander injection, but subsequently failed to undergo the induction that normally occurs during late pupal development. The effects of oleander sap on spermidine and spermine levels could be the result of direct inhibition by chemical constituents of the oleander sap of one of the enzymes used in common in the conversions of putrescine to spermidine and spermidine to spermine; alternatively, these effects on polyamine metabolism could be secondary to the disruption of a more fundamental process in the developmental program guiding spermatogenesis in H. assulta.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BIJI TANAMAN MINDI MELIA AZEDARACH (L.) TERHADAP SPODOPTERA LITURA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Hamdani Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Activity of Melia azedarach (L.) seed extract against armyworm Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). This study was conducted to evaluate the effectivenes and biological activity of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) seed extract against armyworm, Spodoptera litura F. The first instar larvae were fed extract-treated cotton leaves for 2 days, then were maintained on untreated leaves until the third instar stage. Records were kept in regard to the larvae mortality and developmental time of surviving larvae from first instar to third instar. The result showed that Melia azedarach L. seed extract at consentration of 50 g of seeds/l of water (5%) exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae (43.33 - 68.33% mortality). Addition of detergen at 0.2% to extract did not increase insecticidal activity of the extract. However, boiling seed extract at consentration of 50 g of seeds/l of water (5%) during 10 until 20 minutes increased insecticidal activity of extract (66.67 - 68.33% mortality). Generally, M. azedarach seed extract treatment did not affect  developmental time of  S. litura larvae.

Bollgard Cotton and Resistance of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Conventional Insecticides in Southern Tamaulipas, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2203-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Terán-vargas ◽  
J. C. Rodríguez ◽  
C. A. Blanco ◽  
J. L. Martínez-carrillo ◽  
J. Cibrián-tovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae
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