Analysis of a Successful Classical Biological Control Project: the Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Northeastern United States

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Drea ◽  
R. M. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer

scholarly journals Divergence in Photoperiod Responses of a Classical Biological Control Agent, Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Across a Climatic and Latitudinal Gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyson Wepprich ◽  
Fritzi S Grevstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Galerucella Calmariensis ◽  
Growing Season Length

Abstract A key knowledge gap in classical biological control is to what extent insect agents evolve to novel environments. The introduction of biological control agents to new photoperiod regimes and climates may disrupt the coordination of diapause timing that evolved to the growing season length in the native range. We tested whether populations of Galerucella calmariensis L. have evolved in response to the potential mismatch of their diapause timing since their intentional introduction to the United States from Germany in the 1990s. Populations collected from 39.4° to 48.8° latitude in the western United States were reared in growth chambers to isolate the effects of photoperiod on diapause induction and development time. For all populations, shorter day lengths increased the proportion of beetles that entered diapause instead of reproducing. The critical photoperiods, or the day length at which half of a population diapauses, differed significantly among the sampled populations, generally decreasing at lower latitudes. The latitudinal trend reflects changes in growing season length, which determines the number of generations possible, and in local day lengths, at the time when beetles are sensitive to this cue. Development times were similar across populations, with one exception, and did not vary with photoperiod. These results show that there was sufficient genetic variation from the two German source populations to evolve different photoperiod responses across a range of environmental conditions. This study adds to the examples of rapid evolution of seasonal adaptations in introduced insects.

scholarly journals Trissolcus hyalinipennis Rajmohana & Narendran (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), a parasitoid of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emerges in North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Marie-Claude Bon ◽  
Brian V. Brown ◽  
Lisa Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
In The Wild

TrissolcushyalinipennisRajmohana & Narendran is an Old World egg parasitoid ofBagradahilaris(Burmeister). Its potential as a classical biological control agent in the United States has been under evaluation in quarantine facilities since 2014. A survey of resident egg parasitoids using fresh sentinelB.hilariseggs in Riverside, California, revealed thatT.hyalinipennisis present in the wild. Four cards with parasitized eggs were recovered, from which one yielded a single liveT.hyalinipennisand two unidentified dead wasps (Scelionidae), and three yielded twenty liveTrissolcusbasalis(Wollaston) and one dead wasp. Subsequently, samples from Burbank, California, collected with a Malaise trap as part of the BioSCAN project, yielded five females ofT.hyalinipennis. It is presumed that the introduction ofT.hyalinipennisto this area was accidental. Surveys will be continued to evaluate the establishment ofT.hyalinipennisas well as the presence of other resident parasitoid species.

Pyemotes tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae): a parasitoid of Agrilus auroguttatus and Agrilus coxalis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the southwestern United States of America and southern Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Coleman ◽  
Michael I. Jones ◽  
Mark S. Hoddle ◽  
Laurel J. Haavik ◽  
John C. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Invasive Exotic Species ◽  
Goldspotted Oak Borer ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Agrilus Auroguttatus

AbstractThe straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici Lagrèze-Fossat and Montané (Acari: Pyemotidae), was discovered parasitising the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive exotic species to California, United States of America, and the Mexican goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), during surveys for natural enemies for a classical biological control programme for A. auroguttatus. Pyemotes tritici caused low levels of mortality to each species of flatheaded borer, but it will likely not be a good candidate for a biological control programme because it is a generalist parasitoid with deleterious human health effects.

scholarly journals Biological Control ofFenusa pusilla(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the Northeastern United States: A Thirty-Four Year Perspective on Efficacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Casagrande ◽  
R. G. Van Driesche ◽  
M. Mayer ◽  
R. Fuester ◽  
D. Gilrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Northeastern United States

Progress in the classical biological control of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah S. Bauer ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
Roy Van Driesche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Larval Parasitoids

AbstractFirst detected in North America in 2002, the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding beetle from Asia, has killed tens of millions of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) trees. Although few parasitoids attack EAB in North America, three parasitoid species were found attacking EAB in China: the egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and two larval parasitoids Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In 2007, classical biological control of EAB began in the United States of America after release of these three species was approved. In 2013, release of the larval parasitoids was approved in Canada. Research continues at study sites in Michigan, United States of America where the establishment, prevalence, and spread of O. agrili and T. planipennisi have been monitored since 2008. However, establishment of S. agrili remains unconfirmed in northern areas, and its release is now restricted to regions below the 40th parallel. In 2015, approval for release of Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an EAB larval parasitoid from the Russian Far East, may be granted in the United States of America. Researchers are guardedly optimistic that a complex of introduced and native natural enemies will regulate EAB densities below a tolerance threshold for survival of ash species or genotypes in forested ecosystems.

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