Spatial Distribution of Infestations of Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in California Vineyards and a Plan for Sequential Sampling

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Shaw ◽  
H. Kido ◽  
D. L. Flaherty ◽  
W. W. Barnett ◽  
H. L. Andris
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Platynota Stultana

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF Brevipalpus phoenicis IN CITRUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER MALDONADO JR ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS BARBOSA ◽  
MARÍLIA GREGOLIN COSTA ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR TIBURCIO GONÇALVES ◽  
TIAGO ROBERTO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Brevipalpus Phoenicis

ABSTRACT Among the pests of citrus, one of the most important is the red and black flat mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), which transmits the Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C).When a rational pest control plan is adopted, it is important to determine the correct timing for carrying out the control plan. Making this decision demands constant follow-up of the culture through periodic sampling where knowledge about the spatial distribution of the pest is a fundamental part to improve sampling and control decisions. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution pattern and build a sequential sampling plan for the pest. The data used were gathered from two blocks of Valencia sweet orange on a farm in São Paulo State, Brazil, by 40 inspectors trained for the data collection. The following aggregation indices were calculated: variance/ mean ratio, Morisita index, Green’s coefficient, and k parameter of the negative binomial distribution. The data were tested for fit with Poisson and negative binomial distributions using the chi-square goodness of fit test. The sequential sampling was developed using Wald’s Sequential Probability Ratio Test and validated through simulations. We concluded that the spatial distribution of B. phoenicis is aggregated, its behavior best fitted to the negative binomial distribution and we built and validated a sequential sampling plan for control decision-making.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution pattern and sequential sampling plans for Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Dip: Tephritidae) in olive orchards

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
A. Arbab ◽  
F. Mirphakhar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Optimum Sample Size ◽  
Precision Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Optimum Sample ◽  
Basic Distribution

The distribution of adult and larvae <em>Bactrocera oleae</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae), a key pest of olive, was studied in olive orchards. The first objective was to analyze the dispersion of this insect on olive and the second was to develop sampling plans based on fixed levels of precision for estimating <em>B. oleae</em> populations. The Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression models were used to analyze the data. Our results document that Iwao’s patchiness provided a better description between variance and mean density. Taylor’s <em>b</em> and Iwao’s <em>β</em> were both significantly more than 1, indicating that adults and larvae had aggregated spatial distribution. This result was further supported by the calculated common <em>k</em> of 2.17 and 4.76 for adult and larvae, respectively. Iwao’s a for larvae was significantly less than 0, indicating that the basic distribution component of <em>B. oleae</em> is the individual insect. Optimal sample sizes for fixed precision levels of 0.10 and 0.25 were estimated with Iwao’s patchiness coefficients. The optimum sample size for adult and larvae fluctuated throughout the seasons and depended upon the fly density and desired level of precision. For adult, this generally ranged from 2 to 11 and 7 to 15 traps to achieve precision levels of 0.25 and 0.10, respectively. With respect to optimum sample size, the developed fixed-precision sequential sampling plans was suitable for estimating flies density at a precision level of D=0.25. Sampling plans, presented here, should be a tool for research on pest management decisions of <em>B. oleae</em>.

Navigation Towards the Source Through Chemosensory Strategies and Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Odor Source ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Olfactory Space

Asymmetry of bilateral visual and auditory sensors has functional advantages for depth visual perception and localization of auditory signals, respectively. In order to detect the spatial distribution of an odor, bilateral olfactory organs may compare side differences of odor intensity and timing by using a simultaneous sampling mechanism; alternatively, they may use a sequential sampling mechanism to compare spatial and temporal input detected by one or several chemosensors. Extensive research on strategies and mechanisms necessary for odor source localization has been focused mainly on invertebrates. Several recent studies in mammals such as moles, rodents, and humans suggest that there is an evolutionary advantage in using stereo olfaction for successful navigation towards an odor source. Smelling in stereo or a three-dimensional olfactory space may significantly reduce the time to locate an odor source; this quality provides instantaneous information for both foraging and predator avoidance. However, since mammals are capable of finding odor sources and tracking odor trails with one sensor side blocked, they may use an intriguing temporal mechanism to compare odor concentration from sniff to sniff. A particular focus of this article is attributed to differences between insects and mammals regarding the use of unilateral versus bilateral chemosensors for odor source localization.

Spatial Distribution and Sequential Sampling of the Banana Root Borer

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Maldonado ◽  
José Carlos Barbosa ◽  
Ronaldo Pavarini ◽  
Wilson Itamar Maruyama ◽  
Rodrigo Alves Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Banana Root Borer

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Development of Sequential Sampling Plans for Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Gabriel Díaz-Padilla ◽  
J. Isabel López-Arroyo ◽  
Rafael A. Guajardo-Panes ◽  
Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Operational Characteristic ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Sequential Probability

Vector control in huanglongbing management has been conducted on a calendar basis resulting in high production costs. We addressed this issue and proposed a sequential sampling plan to support decision making for intervention against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which is involved in the transmission of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, associated with such lethal disease. We analyzed 3,264,660 records from samples gathered from the Mexican trapping program for the monitoring of D. citri; it included weekly inspection of 86,004 yellow sticky traps distributed in the country. Spatial distribution of the insect, estimation of a common k (kc), and sequential sampling plans based on Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) were determined. Taylor’s power law coefficients were ≥1 indicating aggregation in the spatial distribution of the insect. Common k ranged from 0.0183 to 0.2253 and varied independently of geographic zone or citrus species. We obtained 18 sequential sampling plans, one for each state. In the Average Sample Number (ASN) function, the minimal number of samples to make a decision ranged from 17 to 65. In the Operational Characteristic (OC) function, probabilities for a correct intervention at the threshold of 0.2 D. citri adults/trap in most cases were above 80%. In a field evaluation, the application of sampling plans yielded savings obtained by reduction in the number of interventions for insect control.

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