Egg Production, Oviposition Sites, and Adult Longevity of Bessa harveyi (Diptera: Tachinidae), Parasitizing Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 1

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Valovage ◽  
H. M. Kulman
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Pikonema Alaskensis ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The influence of population density on the number of eggs laid by females of Cardiaspina albitextura (Psyllidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Clark
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Field observations and experiments suggest that crowding during the period of nymphal development does not greatly affect the mean number of eggs laid by Cardiaspina albitextura females. Under experimental conditions, crowding in the adult stage on foliage undamaged by nymphs resulted in reduction of the mean number of eggs laid, the supply of favourable food being probably the limiting factor. In association with increase in the number of adults per shoot, mean egg production declined at a progressively decreasing rate. At the highest population densities tested, the mean number of eggs laid per female was approximately one-third to one-fifth of the number laid by uncrowded females. Both at low and high population densities, the mean number of eggs laid per female on previously unoccupied foliage was about twice as high as on foliage which had been occupied previously by numerous other adults of the same psyllid generation. At times of peak abundance in areas of outbreak, the foliage damage caused during the period of nymphal development greatly limits both the quantity of favourable food and the number of oviposition sites available when C. albitextura reaches the adult stage. The experimental results suggest that the crowding of adults which occurs on the small amount of foliage that escapes very severe damage by nymphs contributes towards the observed limitation of egg production. However, the scattered distribution of such foliage and the poor dispersal powers of C. albitextura females probably play a more important part in determining the very low mean number of eggs laid per female reaching the adult stage. It appears that many females fail to find favourable foliage and consequently lay scarcely any eggs.

Egg Production, Larval Development, and Adult Longevity of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Exposed to Ultrasound

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2306-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Hinkle ◽  
Philip G. Koehler ◽  
Richard S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Cat Fleas

scholarly journals The Effect of Crowding Upon the Oviposition of Grain-Infesting Insects

1942 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-340
Author(s):  
A. C. CROMBIE
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Complete Starvation ◽  
Egg Fertility

The crowding of adults invariably had a depressing effect upon the rate of oviposition in the insects studied here, while egg-fertility was not affected. In unconditioned media, at densities possible in actual populations, the reduction of fecundity was, it appears, entirely a result of competition for the oviposition sites usually for two purposes, viz. oviposition and feeding. That is to say, at such densities the effect of crowding upon oviposition was of a behaviouristic nature. When two species were living in the same environment their mutual effect upon each other's fecundity was more or less dependent upon the degree of identity of the niches for which they were competing. The reduction of fecundity of Rhizopertha by homotypically and heterotypically conditioned media was at first roughly proportional to the degree of conditioning, but after a time the effect of all media was the same. Homo- and hetero-typical conditioning were not radically different in effect. It is believed that conditioned medium operates upon fecundity through ‘poisoning’, and that the effect is upon oviposition rather than, as that of starvation, upon egg-production. When returned to an optimum environment the insects recovered from all the experimental conditions mentioned here: immediately from conditions of overcrowding, more slowly from conditioned media, and more slowly still from complete starvation.

Validation of Acrylic Paint as a Marking Technique for Examining Mating Success of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2128-2133
Author(s):  
Brittny M Jones ◽  
Jeffery K Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Adult Behavior ◽  
Acrylic Paint ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Marking Technique

Abstract The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is mass produced worldwide for use in waste management and the production of an alternative protein for use as feed. However, few publications have explored its adult behavior, particularly mating, as a means to optimize egg production in colony. In addition, there is limited knowledge of appropriate marking techniques to explore the mating behavior of this insect. The goal of this study was to validate water-based acrylic paint pens as a possible marking tool for behavioral studies with adult black soldier flies. Adult black soldier flies (<24-h old) were marked with green, gold, red, or white acrylic paint. Adult longevity, as well as the number of matings (mating success) were recorded for each treatment. Regardless of marking, 1) adult females lived ~7 d, whereas males lived 9 d, 2) mating frequency peaked 2 d after initiation of the experiment, 3) approximately 30% of adults across treatments were recorded mating, and 4) egg production and hatch rate were not affected. This marking technique did not affect the parameters measured, suggesting that it is suitable for experiments requiring a reliable marking technique.

Studies on the oviposition of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in rice and paddy

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Breese
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Egg Distribution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Oviposition Sites

No reduction in the amount of feeding or in the oviposition rate was observed when females of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were supplied with whole rather than with cut wheat grains. Although there was a marked reduction in feeding when females were supplied with cut grains of paddy and a further reduction when they were supplied with cut grains of hulled rice, the oviposition rate observed on these two types of grain was only slightly lower than on wheat.The difference in the oviposition rates observed on wheat and rice may be due to a difference in the nutritional values of these grains or it is possible that the harder texture of the rice kernel limits the feeding rate of the female sufficiently to affect the rate of egg production.Eggs are laid preferably in crevices and on rough surfaces rather than on smooth, and these preferences often overweigh the tendency shown by the female to avoid laying on the grain on which it is feeding.The results of experiments on egg distribution in paddy are in agreement with Crombie's (1942) observation that females of R. dominica tend to lay all the eggs for a given day in one short period of intense ovipositing activity. Thus, although suitable oviposition sites may be numerous, if they are individually able to accommodate all the eggs laid on one day, eggs will usually be concentrated in fewer oviposition sites than are available.

scholarly journals Steroid hormone agonists reduce female fitness in insecticide-resistant Anopheles populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Brown ◽  
Douglas G Paton ◽  
Flaminia Catteruccia ◽  
Hilary Ranson ◽  
Victoria A Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Complementary Approach

AbstractInsecticide based vector control tools such as insecticide treated bednets and indoor residual spraying represent the cornerstones of malaria control programs. Resistance to chemistries used in these programs is now widespread and represents a significant threat to the gains seen in reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, disruption of the 20-hydroxyecdysone steroid hormone pathway was shown to reduce Plasmodium development time and significantly reduce both longevity and egg production in a laboratory susceptible Anopheles gambiae population. Here, we demonstrate that disruption of this pathway by application of methoxyfenozide (MET) to insecticide resistant An. coluzzii, An. gambiae sl and An. funestus populations significantly reduces egg production in both topical and tarsal application. Moreover, MET reduces adult longevity when applied topically, and tarsally after blood feeding. As the cytochrome p450s elevated in pyrethroid resistant Anopheles only bind MET very weakly, this compound is unlikely to be subject to cross-resistance in a field-based setting. Manipulation of this hormonal signalling pathway therefore represents a potential complementary approach to current malaria control strategies, particularly in areas where high levels of insecticide resistance are compromising existing tools.

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