scholarly journals Aqueous Extract fromHibiscus sabdariffaLinnaeus Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating Oxidative Status and Akt/Bad/14-3-3γin an Experimental Animal Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Chieh Wang ◽  
Shiow-Fen Lee ◽  
Chau-Jong Wang ◽  
Chao-Hsin Lee ◽  
Wen-Chin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Several studies point out that oxidative stress maybe a major culprit in diabetic nephropathy. Aqueous extract ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. (HSE) has been demonstrated as having beneficial effects on anti-oxidation and lipid-lowering in experimental studies. This study aimed at investigating the effects ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetic rats. Our results show that HSE is capable of reducing lipid peroxidation, increasing catalase and glutathione activities significantly in diabetic kidney, and decreasing the plasma levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) value. In histological examination, HSE improves hyperglycemia-caused osmotic diuresis in renal proximal convoluted tubules (defined as hydropic change) in diabetic rats. The study also reveals that up-regulation of Akt/Bad/14-3-3γand NF-κB-mediated transcription might be involved. In conclusion, our results show that HSE possesses the potential effects to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy via improving oxidative status and regulating Akt/Bad/14-3-3γsignaling.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy through SCAP-SREBP-2 Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sun ◽  
Yang Yuan ◽  
Zi-Lin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Intracellular Cholesterol

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been associated with the presence of lipid deposition. We hypothesized that the disruption of intracellular cholesterol feedback may contribute to DN. Diabetes was induced by high fat/sucrose diet and low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups: untreated diabetic group (DM) and atorvastatin-treated group (DM + AT). We found that the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as 24-hour urine protein and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, were significantly increased in diabetic rats. This result indicated that the diabetic rats suffered from functional renal damage. We also observed lipid droplet accumulation and increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in the kidneys of diabetic rats. However, atorvastatin ameliorated renal lipid accumulation and improved the renal function of diabetic rats despite an increase in mRNA and protein expressions of HMG-CoAR, LDLr, and SREBP-2. These results demonstrated that intracellular cholesterol feedback regulation is disrupted in rats with type 2 diabetes, thereby causing renal cholesterol accumulation. Atorvastatin ameliorated renal cholesterol accumulation by reducing renal cholesterol synthesis.

scholarly journals The Hypolipidemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
E. B. Umoren ◽  
J. F. Ekpenyong ◽  
O. E. Oyama ◽  
A. O. Obembe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Aim of the Study: This study was undertaken to ascertain if Hibiscus sabdariffa extract can affect the lipid profile (Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)) levels in a paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity using albino Wistar rat as a model. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) served as control. Group B (n=10) was administered paracetamol only at a dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. Group C (n=10) was administered paracetamol (dose 750 mg/kg body weight) and aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (dose 10 ml/kg body weight) of the animal for 3 weeks. All animals were allowed free access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow. Results: Results of the study revealed that TC was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the paracetamol + H. sabdariffa-treated group as compared to paracetamol-treated group and control respectively. Similar trend was observed with TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c and HDL-c. However, the decrease in HDL-c was not statistically significant when compared to control. Conclusion: The presence of bioactive constituents vis; anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyvenols and free radical scavenging properties in H. sabdariffa enabled a hypolipidemic effect on the animals by lowering the levels of serum TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c despite challenge on the liver. However, it was unable to produce significant effect on HDL concentration -very important cholesterol required in high level to maintain homeostasis inside the body. This may be due to the challenge on the liver as a result of the paracetamol abuse.

scholarly journals Assessment and Evaluation of the Leaf Extract of Begonia barbata to the Reduction LDL-Cholesterol in Carbamazepine Induced Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Scientific endeavor has made it possible to discover and synthesize lipid-lowering drugs but, in most cases, their beneficial effects are overshadowed by their adverse effects. Hence, research interest in the screening of medicinal plants has intensified in recent years with a view of discovering potential antioxidants, lipid, and glucose-lowering phytochemicals. Four-month feeding of carbamazepine (both 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight) with a normal diet increased the body mass of rats. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was increased based on the oral execution of carbamazepine. But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and weight of the liver increased slightly and the level of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level remain unchanged. Nonetheless, the Begonia barbata feeding with a normal diet reduced carbamazepine-induced obesity at both high and low doses. The level of LDL cholesterol and liver weight was significantly decreased due to the oral execution of B. barbata together with normal diet and carbamazepine, where HDL level was changed but not significantly.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Psychotria sylhetensis Hook in Alloxan-induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan Bulbul ◽  
Umma Shafia Joty ◽  
Ridoy Ahamed ◽  
Mohammad Rashedul Haque ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The current study was carried out to determine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of methanolic extract P. silhetensis leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this study diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg of alloxan. Animals were treated for one week with the plant extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Metformin (100 mg/kg b.w.) was used as standard for comparison. The anti-diabetes activity was examined by measuring blood glucose level at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days in diabetic induced animal models. Blood samples were collected at day eight of the treatment and analyzed for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) after sacrifice. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in plasma glucose level when treated with P. silhetensis leaf extract as compared to normal, diabetic control and standard rats. All tested lipid parameters were improved after the treatment with methanolic extract of P. silhetensis and metformin as compared to diabetic rats. The results of the present study showed that P. silhetensis possesses significant anti-diabetic properties and has beneficial effects on diabetic hyperlipidemia. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 41-44, 2019

scholarly journals Effect of the combination of Leptadenia hastata (pers) decne and Momordica balsamina linn leaf extracts on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisatu Kabir ◽  
Umar Ismail Alhaji ◽  
Dorcas Bolanle James ◽  
Hajia Mairo Inuwa ◽  
Muhammad Kano Atiku
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Changes in blood lipid level (dyslipidemia) play a central role in the onset and pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Traditional herbal healers commonly use anti-diabetic polyherbal formulations to provide a multi-therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne, Momordica balsamina Linn and their combination on lipid profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was therefore evaluated in the present study. Results We evaluated the serum lipid profile and blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) treated with the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata (400 mg/kg) and M. balsamina (200 mg/kg) alone and in combination (400 + 200 mg/kg) after a period of 4 weeks. A significantly decreased (p < 0.05) level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased (p < 0.05) level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in all the treated groups when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the combination treatment was potentially a more effective blood lipid-lowering (p < 0.05) agent when compared to the single treatments. Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated the blood lipid-lowering potential of the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata, M. balsamina, and their combination. However, the polyherbal combination could be more potent in controlling diabetes mellitus, associated dyslipidemia, and its complications.

The Effects of Atorvastatin on Hematological and Inflammatory Parameters.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1548-1548
Author(s):  
Gurhan Kadikoylu ◽  
Hilal Bektas Uysal ◽  
Cigdem Yenisey ◽  
Irfan Yavasoglu ◽  
Zahit Bolaman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Abstract Background: Chronic inflammation may play role in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. In hypercholesterolemia, the evidences of chronic inflammation such as the stimulation of chemokines and cytokines, increase in endothelial adhesion molecules, and the immune reactions against oxidants on lipoproteins are detected. It was shown that statins had some beneficial effects on lipids, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, and smooth muscle proliferation. Aim: To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on hematological and inflammatory parameters in prospective study. Material and methods: Forty patients (14 male and 26 female) with primary hypercholesterolemia were treated with 20 mg/day atorvastatin for 12 weeks, according to Adult Treatment Panel for Third Report of National Cholesterol Education Program. All patients received a detailed description of this study and signed consent prior to enrollment. National and local ethical committees approved this study. The exclusion criteria were secondary hypercholesterolemia, acute coronary syndromes, liver and renal dysfunctions, diabetes mellitus, acute/chronic infection and inflammatory diseases, pregnancy, lactation, malignancy, and tendency to bleeding. At baseline, and 12th weeks, lipid levels such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and hematological parameters such as whole blood cell counts, hemoglobin and fibrinogen levels, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD40, CD45 using flow-cytometry, inflammatory parameters such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interferon-gamma, soluble CD-40, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, high-sensitive CRP, sedimentation rate, and enzymes including CK, AST, ALT were evaluated. The results were compared with two-paired student’s-t test. Results: At the end of study, atorvastatin decreased TC (p&lt;0.001), LDL-C (p&lt;0.001), TGs (p=0.006), VLDL-C (p=0.012), and HDL-C (p&lt;0.001). While absolute lymphocyte (p=0.003) and platelet counts (p=0.001) were decreased with atorvastatin treatment, absolute monocyte count increased (p=0.002). On flow-cytometric examination, the expressions of CD14 (p=0.015) and CD19 (p=0.039) on lymphocytes were decreased with atorvastatin. Moreover, atorvastatin decreased the levels of TNF-a (p&lt;0.001), sCD40 (p&lt;0.001), ICAM-1 (p&lt;0.001), and IL-18 (p=0.024). ALT increased at the end of treatment (p=0.041). But important adverse events were not seen in the patients. Conclusion: The anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin, independent from lipid-lowering effects, may play an important role on the prevention of atherosclerosis, in addition to its beneficial effects on lipid parameters.

Is very low LDL-C harmful?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 3658-3664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Faselis ◽  
Konstantinos Imprialos ◽  
Haris Grassos ◽  
Andreas Pittaras ◽  
Manolis Kallistratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug Studies

Background: Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major Cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Accumulating evidence supports a linear association between LDL-C levels and CV risk. However, the lower limit of LDL-C that might offer CV benefits without any safety concerns is still a topic of debate. Objective: The purpose of this review is to present the safety of reducing LDL-C to low levels as it comes from major lipid-lowering drug studies, and to discuss data on several safety events that have been associated with low LDL-C levels. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify available data from clinical studies evaluating the association of low LDL-C with safety outcomes. Results: Several large trials have evaluated the safety or reducing LDL-C to levels lower than 50 mg/dl or even lower than 25 mg/dl, more commonly with the use of a combination of statins with ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 inhibitors. In almost all trials, CV benefits were observed with LDL-C levels of 50 mg/dl or less compared with higher levels. In terms of safety, reduction of LDL-C to such levels was not associated with any significant adverse event. Of importance, cancer and hemorrhagic stroke incidences were not increased in patients attaining LDL-C lower than 40-50 mg/dl. Data regarding the impact of lowering LDL-C with neurocognitive disorders are contradictory; nevertheless, most studies stand in favor of neurocognitive safety with LDL-C reductions to low levels. Conclusion: Achieving an LDL-C of 40-50 mg/dl seems to be safe, and importantly might offer CV beneficial effects. Data for attaining levels below 25 mg/dl is limited, however in favor of such reductions.

Structure and Function of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
And Function

Background:One of the important factors in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism is the LDL receptor (LDLR) by its capacity to bind and subsequently clear cholesterol derived from LDL (LDL-C) in the circulation. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-like Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a newly discovered serine protease that destroys LDLR in the liver and thereby controls the levels of LDL in plasma. Inhibition of PCSK9-mediated degradation of LDLR has, therefore, become a novel target for lipid-lowering therapy.Methods:We review the current understanding of the structure and function of PCSK9 as well as its implications for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.Results:New treatments such as monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 may be useful agents to lower plasma levels of LDL and hence prevent atherosclerosis.Conclusion:PCSK9's mechanism of action is not yet fully clarified. However, treatments that target PCSK9 have shown striking early efficacy and promise to improve the lives of countless patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Evolocumab in Reducing Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Chinese Patients with Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Xu ◽  
Meng Chai ◽  
Yujing Cheng ◽  
Pingan Peng ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment

Aims: To explore early intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Due to many reasons, the need for early intensive lipid-lowering therapy is far from being met in Chinese NSTE-ACS patients at high-risk of recurrent ischaemic events. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of starting evolocumab in hospital to lower LDL-C levels in Chinese patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study initiated by researchers, 334 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS who had sub-standard LDL-C levels (LDL-C ≥2.3 mmol/L after regular oral statin treatment for at least 4 weeks; or LDL-C ≥3.2 mmol/L without regular oral statin treatment) were included. Patients who agreed to treatment with evolocumab (140 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks, initiated in hospital and used for 12 weeks after discharge) were enrolled in the evolocumab group (n=96) and others in the control group (n=238). All enrolled patients received regular statin treatment (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day; doses unchanged throughout the study).The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C levels from baseline to week 12. Results: Most patients (67.1%) had not received regular statin treatment before. In the evolocumab group, LDL-C levels decreased significantly at week 4 and remained stable at week 8 and 12 (all p<0.001). At week 12, the LDL-C percentage change from baseline in the evolocumab group was -79.2±12.7% (from an average of 3.7 to 0.7 mmol/L), while in the control group it was -37.4±15.4% (from an average of 3.3 to 2.0 mmol/L). The mean difference between these 2 groups was -41.8% (95% CI -45.0 to -38.5%; p<0.001). At week 12, the proportions of patients with LDL-C levels <1.8 mmol/L and 1.4 mmol/L in the evolocumab group were significantly higher than in the control group (96.8 vs 36.1%; 90.6 vs 7.1%; both p<0.001). The incidence of adverse events and cardiovascular events was similar in both groups. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we evaluated the early initiation of evolocumab in NSTE-ACS patients in China. Evolocumab combined with statins significantly lowered LDL-C levels and increased the probability of achieving recommended LDL-C levels, with satisfactory safety and well tolerance.

Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Bouchra Azzaou ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Matricaria pubescens. Background: Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz belongs to Asteraceae family and it is commonly used traditionally for handling diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz and its effect on lipid and lipoprotein profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of repeated (7 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (MPAE) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents as well as the antioxidant activity using two methods (FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. Results: MPAE demonstrated a potent antidyslipidemic effect in diabetic rats by reducing serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and revealed an important antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study proved that Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz. has a favorable effect on diabetic dyslipidemia.

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