scholarly journals Perspective of the Human Body in Sasang Constitutional Medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Yongjae Jung ◽  
Junghee Yoo ◽  
Euiju Lee ◽  
Byunghee Koh
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sasang Constitutional Medicine ◽  
And Function ◽  
Constitutional Medicine

The Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM), a medical tradition originating from Korea, is distinguished from the traditional Chinese medicine in its philosophical background, theoretical development and especially, the fundamental rationale that analyzes the structure and function of the human body within a quadrifocal scheme. In SCM, the structure of the body is comprehended within the Sasang quadrifocal scheme, and the function of the body is understood within the context of the energy-fluid metabolism and the water-food metabolism controlled by the four main organs (lung, spleen, liver and kidney). Also, the concept ofSeong-Jeongis used to explain the structural and functional variations between different constitutional types that arise from the constitutional variations in organ system scheme, which are in turn caused by deviations in the constitutionalSeong-Jeong. Therefore, understanding the SCM perspective of the human body is essential in order to fully appreciate the advantages of the constitutional typological system (which focuses on individual idiosyncrasies) found in SCM.

scholarly journals STUDY OF TRAUMA ON ASTHI W.S.R TO ASTHIBHAGNA

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Varinder Kaur ◽  
Subhash Upadhyay ◽  
Sakshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Ayurvedic science is being popularized worldwide. It has established history for the management of Bhagna in Sushruta Samhita. Ayurvedic philosophy is specific pertaining to the body constitution. The human body is composed of Dhatus. “Asthi” Dhatu is one of the main Dhatu in human body. “Asthi” is hard substance which remains even after most part of body has been decayed. Ayurvedic science has established history of trauma to Asthi (Asthibhagna). Ayurveda has aimed high for maintaining normal structure and function of deformed bones. It is high time to re-establish it by adopting proper research and methodology. The skeletal injuries are important incidences in human beings and they demand immediate management. The branch of science that deals with deformities of bones is known as Orthopedics, aimed for “maintenance of normal structure and function of deformed bones.” While bones are very strong they can break. Most often, breaks happen because the bone runs into a strong force, also repetitive force like from running can fracture a bone. High energy trauma result in bone fractures whether it is isolated fracture or dislocation. When a person goes through some form of trauma, as car accident or fall, the impact may break or fracture the bone. The bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones such as Osteoporosis. Fracture is properly termed pathologic fracture but not trauma.

The study of anatomy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
And Function

Human anatomy concerns the structure of the human body. Anatomy is often interpreted as the study of only those structures that can be seen with the naked eye (gross anatomy). Anatomy also covers the study of structure at the cellular (histology) and subcellular level (ultrastructure). The formation (embryology) and growth of anatomical structures (developmental anatomy) influence their organization, appearance, and their relationship to other structures and often explain gross anatomical arrangement. Historically, physiology (the study of the function of the body) was regarded as a separate subject from anatomy but the relationships between structure and function (functional anatomy) is critical to understanding how the body works at all levels. Most modern dental curricula now have some degree of integration between anatomy and physiology to emphasize their interrelationship in the study of the human body. It is impossible to recognize changes in structure brought about by disease and their clinical manifestations and effects on function without an understanding of healthy structure and function. It is impossible to use any surgical procedures effectively and safely without a good working knowledge of the anatomy of the relevant part of the body. In clinical work, internal structures often need to be located accurately even when they cannot be visualized directly. A good example of this is the need to be able to locate the nerves supplying the teeth in order to deliver local anaesthetic accurately prior to carrying out a restoration or extraction. Fortunately, most structures have a fairly constant relationship to surface features (surface anatomy) to allow their position to be determined with considerable accuracy. Information about deep structures can also be obtained by the use of imaging techniques such as X-rays or scanning technology. Interpretation of radiographs and scans requires knowledge of the radiographic appearance of normal body structures (radiological anatomy). Surface and radiological anatomy are obviously of great practical importance and are covered in the relevant sections of the book. The principal aim of this book is to provide you with sufficient practical information about the anatomy of the human body to form a basis on which to build your clinical skills and practice.

scholarly journals Влияние климатогеографических факторов Севера на адаптивные реакции организма человека

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
D.V. Bazhenov ◽  
V.G. Shestakova ◽  
M.N. Kalinkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

В обзоре анализируется влияние климатогеографических факторов Севера на адаптивные реакции организма человека с позиций патологической физиологии. Основа адаптационных перестроек организма на Севере заключается в расширении физиологической нормы реакций и референсных пределов отдельных эндокринных и метаболических показателей. При выходе за пределы видовой нормы происходит снижение резервных возможностей организма, что приводит к патологии. Важную роль при этом играют внутригодовые колебания уровня гормонов, связанные с фотопериодикой. Ритмическая организация физиологических процессов имеет приспособительный характер, так как способствует подготовке и адаптации организма к условиям внешней среды в целях сохранения гомеостаза. Сезонные ритмы влияют на структуру и функцию всех систем организма человека. Многие патологические процессы в организме сопровождаются развитием десинхронозов. Рассогласование ритмов функционирования организма сопровождается нарушением исходной хроноструктурной организации физиологических реакций, что приводит не только к изменениям показателей функции эндокринной системы, но и к структурным изменениям в органах. Вопросы, рассмотренные в обзоре, отражают важность учета особенностей климатогеографических факторов Севера, приводящих к возникновению выраженных сдвигов в функционировании и структуре органов. Подтверждением вышесказанному является выявленный нами дисбаланс, в виде парциальной гипоплазии внешнесекреторного аппарата поджелудочной железы на фоне выраженного развития эндокринного компонента железы и стромы, это рассматривается как предпосылка для развития патологии. Анализ литературы показал также, что длительно действующий стрессовый фактор приводит к морфологической перестройке органов с адаптивными модификациями структуры.The review analyzes effects of climatic and geographic factors of the North on adaptive reactions of the human body in terms of pathological physiology and morphology. The aim was to study adaptive reactions of the human body in the north to external factors, which include severe light and cold conditions. Methods. Analysis of current literature on the issue under study. Results. The adaptive rearrangement of the body in the North involves expanding physiological boundaries of individual endocrine and metabolic parameters. Beyond the normal limits of a species, the capacity of body reserve decreases, which may lead to a pathology. Of a great importance are intra-annual fluctuations of hormones associated with the photoperiodism. The rhythmic organization of physiological processes has an adaptive nature as it helps preparing and adapting the body to environmental conditions to maintain its homeostasis. Adaptive changes are known to occur not only at the level of physiological systems but also at the ultrastructural level. Seasonal rhythms affect the structure and function of all systems in the human body. Many pathological processes are associated with development of desynchronosis. Mismatching biorhythms under the action of exogenous or endogenous factors is accompanied by disorders in the original chronostructural organization of physiological functions, which may leads not only to endocrine shifts but also to structural changes in organs. The review addresses the importance of taking into account the features of climatic and geographical factors of the North, which may induce pronounced changes in the structure and function of organs. The above-said is supported by the established imbalance evident as partial hypoplasia of the pancreatic exocrine apparatus associated with a pronounced endocrine component of the gland and stroma. These disorders are considered a prerequisite for development of abnormalities and may underlie congenital pancreatic pathology, such as fibrosis and diabetes. Conclusion. Long-acting stress factors lead to morphological rearrangements of organs and adaptive modifications of their structure.

scholarly journals Evidence of Regeneration of Testicular and Epididymal Tissue Structure and Function Following Withdrawal from Sub-chronic Khat Exposure: Studies in the Rabbit Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Albert W. Nyongesaa ◽  
Esther M. Malukib ◽  
Jemimah A. Simbaunib
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Function

Khat, Catha edulis, use is rampant in Eastern Africa and Middle East countries with associated reports of reproductive function impairment in the body of the user. Reports on recovery post long-term khat exposure are obscure. The present study investigated evidence of restoration of testicular and epididymal structure and function during withdrawal from cytotoxic damage caused by sub-chronic exposure of khat extract. Twenty-eight male rabbits were divided into 7 groups of 4 rabbits each. Group I (control) was administered normal saline while groups II, III and IV were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, via oral gavage on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks. Blood samples from animals were collected for hormonal assays followed by euthanasia using 26.4 mg/kg body weight of Sagatal sodium intramuscularly for testicular and epididymal histology. Group V, VI and VII were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, orally on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks followed by 1-month withdrawal period, blood samples collected for hormone assays and animals sacrificed for testicular and epididymal histology. High khat dose, 20 g/kg body weight, at sub-chronic exposure caused degeneration in spermatogenic cells with accompanying decrease in plasma FSH and testosterone. Histological output of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and epididymal epithelium appeared unaffected in treatment groups. Post withdrawal data showed apparent regeneration of seminiferous epithelium and restoration of plasma FSH and testosterone comparable to control. It appears khat extract preferentially affected germ cell spermatogonia and subsequent daughter cells while stem cell spermatogonia were unaffected and contributed to regeneration of germinal epithelium and endocrine function.

Cellular structure and function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-104
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
And Function

‘Cellular structure and function’ covers the roles, structures, and functions of the main four types of macromolecules of the human body, namely proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. For these macromolecules, the roles and types of each class are discussed (for proteins this includes their roles as structural proteins and enzymes and their kinetics; for lipids, the roles and types of lipid found in the body are considered; for carbohydrates, their roles including structural and metabolic are discussed; and the structure of nucleic acids is described). Then follows a description of the organization of the cell, including the plasma membrane and its components, and the intracellular organelles. Cell growth, division, and apoptosis are covered, as are the formation of gametes, and finally the principles of how cellular functions can be modulated by pharmacological agents through receptors and signalling pathways are discussed.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the Body

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Faustena Blaisdell ◽  
Catherine Parker Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VIII and Effects of Missense Single Nucleotide Variations to Protein Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Taremekedzwa Allan Sanyanga ◽  
Özlem Tastan Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conformational Sampling ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
And Function

Human carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA-VIII) is an acatalytic isoform of the α -CA family. Though the protein cannot hydrate CO2, CA-VIII is essential for calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis within the body, and achieves this by allosterically inhibiting the binding of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) to the IP3 receptor type 1 (ITPR1) protein. However, the mechanism of interaction of CA-VIII to ITPR1 is not well understood. In addition, functional defects to CA-VIII due to non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNVs) result in Ca2+ dysregulation and the development of the phenotypes such as cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ3). The pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 is also not well understood. The structure and function of CA-VIII was characterised, and pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 investigated. Structural and functional characterisation of CA-VIII was conducted through SiteMap and CPORT to identify potential binding site residues. The effects of four pathogenic nsSNVs, S100A, S100P, G162R and R237Q, and two benign S100L and E109D variants on CA-VIII structure and function was then investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation (DCC) and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis. SiteMap and CPORT analyses identified 38 unique CA-VIII residues that could potentially bind to ITPR1. MD analysis revealed less conformational sampling within the variant proteins and highlighted potential increases to variant protein rigidity. Dynamic cross correlation (DCC) showed that wild-type (WT) protein residue motion is predominately anti-correlated, with variant proteins showing no correlation to greater residue correlation. DRN revealed variant-associated increases to the accessibility of the N-terminal binding site residues, which could have implications for associations with ITPR1, and further highlighted differences to the mechanism of benign and pathogenic variants. SNV presence is associated with a reduction to the usage of Trp37 in all variants, which has implications for CA-VIII stability. The differences to variant mechanisms can be further investigated to understand pathogenesis of CAMRQ3, enhancing precision medicine-related studies into CA-VIII.

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