scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel infra-red endoscopy system in the assessment of early neoplasia in Barretts esophagus: pilot study from a single center

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo ◽  
S S Sami ◽  
R Mansilla-Vivar ◽  
V Subramanian ◽  
J Mannath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Endoscopic Therapy ◽  
White Light Endoscopy ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Endoscopic Assessment ◽  
Barretts Esophagus

SUMMARY Infrared endoscopy (IRE) has been shown to be useful in detecting submucosal (SM) invasion in early gastric cancer. Its role in the endoscopic assessment of Barrett's neoplasia has not been reported to date. We aimed in this study to evaluate the role of IRE in the detection and characterization of early neoplastic lesions within Barrett's esophagus (BE). The secondary aim was to explore its usefulness for the assessment of the presence of submucosal invasion in these early neoplastic Barrett's lesions. We included in the study patients with dysplastic BE who were referred to our institution for endoscopic therapy of a previously diagnosed early Barrett's neoplasia. An examination with white light high resolution endoscopy (HRE) and near IRE after intravenous injection of indocyanine green was performed for all patients using an infrared endoscope prototype. Staining on IRE and correlation with final histological staging by endoscopic mucosal resection/surgery or histological diagnosis on mapping biopsies was analyzed. A total of 23 patients were enrolled in our study: 17 of them with 19 visible lesions and 6 patients with flat BE and no lesions. Staining on IRE was noted in 18 cases: 17 (94%) had at least high grade dysplasia (HGD). No stain was noted in 7 cases: final histology was <HGD in 5 (71%) and ≥HGD in 2 (29%). There was statistically significant difference between cases with no stain and any staining on IRE with regard to the presence of ≥HGD [2/7 (29%) vs. 17/18 (94%) P = 0.0022]. Stain was reported as faint in 12 and dense in 6. All 6 cases with dense staining had at least HGD. We concluded that IRE can provide additional information to the currently available white light endoscopy for detecting early neoplastic lesions within BE. IRE also allows detecting HGD and most advanced histology in BE. Usefulness of IRE to detect submucosal involvement in early Barrett's neoplastic lesions needs to be assessed further in larger cohort studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterial communities of rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Marat Lutfulin ◽  
Darya Zaripova ◽  
Oksana Moiseeva ◽  
Semen Vologin ◽  
Ayslu Mardanova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
16S R Rna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Identification of patterns of formation of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the most important agricultural crop, is necessary for the introduction and maintenance of sustainable organic farming. The purpose of this work was the study of the biodiversity of the bacterial microbiota of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato, cultivated on gray forest soils. Comparative analysis based on sequencing of the 16S R RNA gene showed a significant difference in the representation of different groups of bacteria in these potato root compartments. Thus, the proportions of the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the Proteobacteria phylum reach 47.66% ± 7.22 % and 86.35 % ± 0.53%, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, the representation of phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere is significantly higher and reaches 41.45 % ± 10.42% and 6.49 % ± 3.23%, respectively, compared to the rhizoplane (7.84 % ± 1.24 % and 0.43 % ± 0.48 %, (P < 0.05). At the same time, Actinobacteria phylum bacteria are present in both compartments in approximately equal amounts (4.40 % ± 1.81% in the rhizosphere and 5.37 % ± 1.42% in the rhizoplane). Thus, it was found that potato forms different bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in quantitative proportions, which is probably determined by the functional role of these microorganisms in the plant physiology.

scholarly journals Video clips compared with high-definition still images for characterization of colorectal neoplastic lesions: a randomized comparative prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. E1255-E1263
Author(s):  
Mathieu Pioche ◽  
Jérémie Jacques ◽  
Lucile Héroin ◽  
Jérôme Rivory ◽  
Thierry Ponchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Abstract Background and study aims Accurate real-time characterization of colorectal neoplastic lesions (CNLs) during colonoscopy is important for deciding appropriate treatment. No studies have evaluated whether still images or video clips are better for characterization. We compared histological predictions and size estimations of CNLs between two groups of gastroenterologists: one viewing still images and the other viewing video clips. Materials and methods Participants were shown 20 CNLs as either 3–5 still images or a video clip. Three endoscopy experts obtained the images using high-definition white light and virtual chromoendoscopy without magnification. Stratified randomization was performed according to experience. For each lesion, participants assessed the size and histological subtype according to the CONECCT classification (hyperplastic polyp [IH], sessile serrated lesion [IS], adenoma [IIA], high-risk adenoma or superficial adenocarcinoma [IIC], or deeply invasive adenocarcinoma [III]). The correct histological status and size were defined by the pathology reports or combined criteria between histology and expert opinion for high-risk adenoma or superficial adenocarcinoma (CONECCT IIC). Results 332 participants were randomized and 233 performed the characterization. Participants comprised 118 residents, 75 gastroenterologists, and 40 endoscopy experts; 47.6 % were shown still images and 52.4 % viewed video clips. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in histological prediction, our primary end point. However, the lesion size was better assessed using still images than video clips (P = 0.03). Conclusions Video clips did not improve the histological prediction of CNLs compared with still images. Size was better assessed using still images.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of narrow-band imaging for the diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
David CM Yeung ◽  
Alexander C Vlantis ◽  
Eddy WY Wong ◽  
Michael CF Tong ◽  
Jason YK Chan
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
White Light ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
White Light Endoscopy ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Narrow band imaging (NBI), an endoscopic technique featuring an augmented definition of microvasculature and mucosal patterns. NBI is increasingly advocated as a tool to characterize neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia in endoscopic standards, such as for colorectal polyps and tumors. Recently NBI has also been studied in the detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Here we aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of NBI for the diagnosis of NPC. Methods: A meta-analysis of studies comparing narrow-band imaging and white light endoscopy in the diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma was performed. The review process involved two independent investigators. The databases used were MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cochrane library, Embase, and the Web of Science. Statistical analysis was performed with OpenMetaAnalyst, MetaDiSc version 1.4, and Medcalc version 17.9.7.  Results: Five studies including 2480 patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity for narrow-band imaging were 0.90 (0.73-0.97) and 0.95 (0.81-0.99) respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 18.82 (0.31-82.1) and 0.08 (0.02-0.31). For white light endoscopy, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.77 (0.58-0.89) and 0.91 (0.79-0.96). The positive likelihood ratio was 7.61 (3.61-16.04), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.21 (0.11-0.39). The odds ratio for detection rates between narrow-band imaging and white light endoscopy was 4.29 (0.56-33.03, p = 0.16). Area under the curve for narrow-band imaging was 0.98 (SE: 0.02), and for white light it was 0.93 (SE: 0.03). There was no significant difference in the receiver operating characteristic curves between the two modalities (p = 0.14). Conclusion: Narrow-band imaging showed a higher sensitivity and positive likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, there was no significant difference in detection rates compared to white light endoscopy. Further investigation with a uniform diagnostic criteria and terminology is needed for narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

scholarly journals Characterization of siderophore producing arsenic-resistantStaphylococcus sp. strain TA6 isolated from contaminated groundwater of Jorhat, Assam and its possible role in arsenic geocycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Das ◽  
Madhumita Barooah
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbonaceous Rocks

AbstractThe presence of arsenic in sediments, carbonaceous rocks are geogenic, while its entry into the aquifers is mediated by several factors including microorganisms. It is well known that the microorganisms play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycle of different elements. However, the precise role of bacteria in regulating the concentration of arsenic in Brahmaputra valley has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we report the isolation of arsenic resistant bacterium TA6 with active arsenate reduction efficiency. The isolate was able to grow in arsenate concentration (250 mM) and arsenite (30 mM). Along with resistance to inorganic arsenic, it showed cross-tolerance to other heavy metals like Hg+2, Cd+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cr+2. The bacterium also had a high siderophore activity (78.7 ± 0.004 μmol), which is positively correlated with the resistance aptitude. The biochemical test showed the TA6, a gram-positive bacterium which can hydrolyze starch and casein, produce catalase enzyme and utilizes citrate as a metabolic trait. Molecular and chemotaxonomic identification of TA6 based on 16S rRNA and FMAE analysis showed similarity with members ofStaphylococcusgenus with significant difference in sequence similarity and fatty acid composition. Based on 16S rRNA and FAME analysis it was identified asStaphylococcus sp.TA6. Rate of biotransformation showed bacterium could reduce ~88.2% of initial 2mM As(V) into As(III). The characterization of arsenate reductase enzyme with NADPH coupled assay showed the highest activity at pH 5.5 and temperature 50°C.

W1556: Comparison of a Narrow Band Imaging and Targeted Biopsies Protocol With White Light Endoscopy and the Updated Sydney Protocol for Detection of Gastric Pre-Neoplastic Lesions (MEGANE Study)

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. AB357-AB358
Author(s):  
Elias Xirouchakis ◽  
Sotirios D. Georgopoulos ◽  
Chariklia A. Spiliadi ◽  
Fotini Laoudi ◽  
Panagiotis Christoforidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
White Light Endoscopy ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Targeted Biopsies

scholarly journals Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Involvement of Amblyomma americanum α-D-galactosidase and α-1,4 Galactosyltransferase enzymes in α-gal metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Raj Sharma ◽  
Gary Crispell ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Cameron Cox ◽  
Joshua Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Basophil Activation Test ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ige Mediated

AbstractAlpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is an IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to the oligosaccharide galactose-⍰-1,3-galactose (α-gal) injected into humans from the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) bite. This study aims at the functional characterization of two tick enzymes, α-D-galactosidase (ADGal) and α-1,4 galactosyltransferase (β-1,4GalT) in α-gal metabolism. The ADGal enzyme cleaves terminal α-galactose moieties from glycoproteins and glycolipids, whereas β-1,4GalT transfers α-galactose to a β1,4 terminal linkage acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl in various processes of glycoconjugate synthesis. An RNA interference approach was utilized to silence ADGal and β-1,4GalT in Am. americanum to examine their functional role in α-gal metabolism and AGS onset. Silencing of ADGal led to the significant down regulation of genes involved in galactose metabolism and transport in Am. americanum. Immunoblot and N-glycan analysis of the Am. americanum salivary glands showed a significant reduction in ⍰-gal levels in silenced tissues. However, there was no significant difference in the level of ⍰-gal in β-1,4GalT silenced tick salivary glands. A basophil-activation test showed a decrease in the frequency of activated basophil by ADGal silenced salivary glands. These results provide an insight into the role of α-D galactosidase & β-1,4GalT in tick biology and the probable involvement in the onset of AGS.

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