scholarly journals Eye contact and sociability data suggests that Australian dingoes were never domesticated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J William O Ballard ◽  
Chloe Gardner ◽  
Lucille Ellem ◽  
Sonu Yadav ◽  
Richard I Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Model System ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Domestication Process

Abstract Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans, and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication. We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog (GSD) breeds. Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP, and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival. The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process, while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s. We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid. We found 75% of dingoes made eye contact in each phase. In contrast, 86% of Basenjis and 96% of GSDs made eye contact. Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively. Sociability, quantified as a canid coming within 1 m of the experimenter, was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs. For sociability duration, dingoes spent less time within 1 m of the experimenter than either breed dog. When compared with previous studies, these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia. However, it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors, and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle. Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.

scholarly journals Metabolomics shows the Australian dingo has a unique plasma profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Yadav ◽  
Russell Pickford ◽  
Robert A. Zammit ◽  
J. William O. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Profile ◽  
Power Analyses

AbstractDingoes have not been artificially selected in the past 3,500 years. They occupy a wide range of the Australian mainland and play a crucial role as an apex predator with a generalist omnivorous feeding behaviour. In contrast, humans have selected breed dogs for novel and desirable traits. First, we explore whether the distinct evolutionary histories of dingoes and domestic dogs can lead to plasma metabolomic differences. We study metabolite composition differences between dingoes (n=15) and two domestic dog breeds (Basenji n= 9 and German Shepherd Dog: GSD n=10). After accounting for within group variation, 62 significant metabolite differences were detected between dingoes and domestic dogs, with a greater number of differences in protein (n= 14) and lipid metabolites (n= 12). Most differences were observed between dingoes and domestic dogs and fewest between the domestic dog breeds. Second, we investigate variation between pure dingoes (n=10) and dingo-dog hybrids (n=10) as hybridisation is common. We detected no significant differences in metabolite levels between dingoes and dingo-dog hybrids after Bonferroni correction. However, power analyses reported that increasing the sample size to 15 could result in differences in uridine 5’-diphosphogalactose (UDPgal) levels related to galactose metabolism. We suggest this may be related to an increase in Amylase 2B copy number in hybrids. Our study illustrates that the dingo metabolome is significantly different from domestic dog breeds and hybridisation is likely to influence carbohydrate metabolism.

scholarly journals Metabolomics shows the Australian dingo has a unique plasma profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Yadav ◽  
Russell Pickford ◽  
Robert A. Zammit ◽  
J. William O. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Regional Australia

AbstractDingoes occupy a wide range of the Australian mainland and play a crucial role as an apex predator with a generalist omnivorous feeding behaviour. Dingoes are ecologically, phenotypically and behaviourally distinct from modern breed dogs and have not undergone artificial selection since their arrival in Australia. In contrast, humans have selected breed dogs for novel and desirable traits. First, we examine whether the distinct evolutionary histories of dingoes and domestic dogs has lead to differences in plasma metabolomes. We study metabolite composition differences between dingoes (n = 15) and two domestic dog breeds (Basenji n = 9 and German Shepherd Dog (GSD) n = 10). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, type II and type III ANOVA with post-hoc tests and adjustments for multiple comparisons were used for data evaluation. After accounting for within group variation, 62 significant metabolite differences were detected between dingoes and domestic dogs, with the majority of differences in protein (n = 14) and lipid metabolites (n = 12), mostly lower in dingoes. Most differences were observed between dingoes and domestic dogs and fewest between the domestic dog breeds. Next, we collect a second set of data to investigate variation between pure dingoes (n = 10) and dingo-dog hybrids (n = 10) as hybridisation is common in regional Australia. We detected no significant metabolite differences between dingoes and dingo-dog hybrids after Bonferroni correction. However, power analysis showed that increasing the sample size to 15 could result in differences in uridine 5′-diphosphogalactose (UDPgal) levels related to galactose metabolism. We suggest this may be linked to an increase in Amylase 2B copy number in hybrids. Our study illustrates that the dingo metabolome is significantly different from domestic dog breeds and hybridisation is likely to influence carbohydrate metabolism.

scholarly journals Czechoslovakian Wolfdog Genomic Divergence from Its Ancestors Canis lupus, German Shepherd Dog, and Different Sheepdogs of European Origin

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Nina Moravčíková ◽  
Radovan Kasarda ◽  
Radoslav Židek ◽  
Luboš Vostrý ◽  
Hana Vostrá-Vydrová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
History Effect

This study focused on the genomic differences between the Czechoslovakian wolfdog (CWD) and its ancestors, the Grey wolf (GW) and German Shepherd dog. The Saarloos wolfdog and Belgian Shepherd dog were also included to study the level of GW genetics retained in the genome of domesticated breeds. The dataset consisted of 131 animals and 143,593 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The effects of demographic history on the overall genome structure were determined by screening the distribution of the homozygous segments. The genetic variance distributed within and between groups was quantified by genetic distances, the FST index, and discriminant analysis of principal components. Fine-scale population stratification due to specific morphological and behavioural traits was assessed by principal component and factorial analyses. In the CWD, a demographic history effect was manifested mainly in a high genome-wide proportion of short homozygous segments corresponding to a historical load of inbreeding derived from founders. The observed proportion of long homozygous segments indicated that the inbreeding events shaped the CWD genome relatively recently compared to other groups. Even if there was a significant increase in genetic similarity among wolf-like breeds, they were genetically separated from each other. Moreover, this study showed that the CWD genome carries private alleles that are not found in either wolves or other dog breeds analysed in this study.

scholarly journals What Makes Eye Contact Special? Neural Substrates of On-Line Mutual Eye-Gaze: A Hyperscanning fMRI Study

eNeuro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0284-18.2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Koike ◽  
Motofumi Sumiya ◽  
Eri Nakagawa ◽  
Shuntaro Okazaki ◽  
Norihiro Sadato
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Disseminated Scytalidium infection in a German shepherd dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Dunlap ◽  
Amy K. Swinford ◽  
Katherine L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog

Diffuse annular fusiform adenocarcinoma in a dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Prater ◽  
B Flatland ◽  
SJ Newman ◽  
DP Sponenberg ◽  
J Chao
Keyword(s):  
Large Bowel ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Colonic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion

Canine colonic intestinal adenocarcinoma typically presents as rectal polypoid or annular stenotic masses causing clinical signs consistent with large bowel disease. This report discusses an unusual case of intestinal adenocarcinoma in an 11-year-old, neutered male German shepherd dog presented for evaluation of anorexia, profuse watery diarrhea, and weight loss. In this dog, colonic adenocarcinoma diffusely infiltrated the entire large bowel and caused an annular fusiform lesion, as confirmed by endoscopic biopsies and postmortem examination. Other unique features included a paucity of desmoplasia associated with the neoplastic lesion and widespread metastasis to regional lymph nodes, lung, and prostate.

scholarly journals Transient hyperammonaemia in an adult German shepherd dog : case report

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Lobetti ◽  
D.B. Miller ◽  
T. Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Urea Cycle Enzyme

A 3-year-old male German shepherd dog was presented with severe generalised seizures. The dog was protein-intolerant and showed severe hyperammonaemia on ammonia stimulation. The hyperammonaemic state was present for at least 6 weeks and then spontaneously resolved. No obvious cause (liver disease, portocaval shunts, urea cycle enzyme deficiencies, drug therapy or urinary tract obstruction) could be identified. It is possible that this dog had a variation of transient hyperammonaemic syndrome, described in man and recently in a juvenile Irish wolfhound, that extended into adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document