scholarly journals Nitric oxide enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activity of atorvastatin in a mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Momi ◽  
Angela Monopoli ◽  
Paolo Francesco Alberti ◽  
Emanuela Falcinelli ◽  
Teresa Corazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Accelerated Atherosclerosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract 590: Loss of Myeloid Cell Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Does Not Alter Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N Vallerie ◽  
Farah Kramer ◽  
Jenny E Kanter ◽  
Shelley Barnhart ◽  
Richard M Breyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Accelerated Atherosclerosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, largely due to increased atherosclerosis. Our studies have suggested myeloid cell prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production as a possible mediator of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in a virally-induced mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 (EP4; Ptger4 ) is a major PGE 2 receptor in myeloid cells. We hypothesized that generation of a mouse model of myeloid cell-targeted EP4-deficiency would allow us to test the role of myeloid EP4 in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Thus, we generated a Ptger4 flox/flox LysM-Cre tg/tg mouse model. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from these myeloid cell EP4-deficient (EP4 M-/- ) mice expressed <90% Ptger4 mRNA compared to LysM-Cre tg/tg controls (n=10; p<0.0001). To analyze the role of myeloid cell EP4 in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, we transplanted bone marrow from EP4 M-/- mice and littermate controls into lethally irradiated Ldlr -/- RIP-LCMV mice (the model of type 1 diabetes) and, after 7 weeks of recovery, induced diabetes by viral infection and fed the mice a low-fat semi-purified diet for an additional 12 weeks. Diabetic EP4 M-/- mice had similar blood glucose (568 ± 15 vs. 569 ± 15 mg/dl), blood cholesterol (531 ± 29 vs. 510 ± 37 mg/dl), and plasma triglycerides (249 ± 49 vs. 247 ± 44 mg/dl) as diabetic controls (n=15 all groups; mean ± SEM). At the endpoint, aortas were harvested for lesion area quantification. Diabetic EP4 M-/- and diabetic wild type mice had similar lesion area (1.9% ± 0.2 vs. 1.7% ± 0.2), which were both increased (p < 0.01; n=9-15) as compared to their non-diabetic controls. Additionally, we analyzed the role of EP4 in inflammatory activation of myeloid cells ex vivo. EP4-deficiency had no significant effect on basal or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory gene expression in the absence of PGE 2 . Pretreatment of the cells with PGE 2 (10 nM) followed by LPS stimulation resulted in a significant reduction of Tnfa and Il6 mRNA compared to LPS alone, and this anti-inflammatory effect of PGE 2 was completely blocked in EP4-deficient cells. These results suggest that myeloid cell EP4 mediates anti-inflammatory actions of PGE 2 but that it is not involved in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Cnicin from Centaurea benedicta L. is an active compound against skin inflammation in a mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Vieira Sousa ◽  
Guilherme C. Gonçalves ◽  
Lucas S. Queiroz ◽  
Everton A. Ferreira ◽  
Bruna C. S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Abstract Centaurea benedicta L., commonly known as “cardo santo,” is used as a tonic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiseptic in traditional medicine. This study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of an extract (ECB) and cnicin (CNI) from C. benedicta leaves in a mouse model. Activity was assessed using the ear edema method with croton oil, phenol, capsaicin, and histamine as phlogistic agents. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), nitric oxide (NO), t umor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and histopathology were assessed as markers of edema/inflammation. Interaction profiles between CNI and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, induced nitric oxide synthase, and glucocorticoid receptor were examined with molecular docking. Twenty-four h after induction of inflammation, ECB and CNI treatments decreased the thickness and weight of ears by 39.59%– 94.72%. MPO, NAG, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were also reduced. Histopathological, treatments reduced edema thickness, leukocytes, and vasodilation. Inflammation induced by phenol and histamine was inhibited by ECB and CNI, and ECB suppressed capsaicin-induced inflammation. CNI interacts with cyclooxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase through conventional hydrogen bonds, indicating inhibition of these enzymes. ECB and its compound cnicin reduce chemically-induced inflammation in mice suggesting new possibilities for the treatment of diseases associated with dermal inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Direct inhibition of arginase attenuated airway allergic reactions and inflammation in a Dermatophagoides farinae-induced NC/Nga mouse model

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. L17-L24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Takahashi ◽  
Keiki Ogino ◽  
Kei Takemoto ◽  
Seiji Hamanishi ◽  
Da-Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Arginase I

The expression of arginase I has been a focus of research into the pathogenesis of experimental asthma, because arginase deprives nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of arginine and therefore participates in the attenuation of bronchodilators such as nitric oxide (NO). The present study used an intranasal mite-induced NC/Nga mouse model of asthma to investigate the contribution of arginase to the asthma pathogenesis, using an arginase inhibitor, Nω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA). The treatment with nor-NOHA inhibited the increase in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. NOx levels in the lung were elevated despite suppressed NOS2 mRNA expression. Accompanied by the attenuated activity of arginase, the expression of arginase I at both the mRNA and protein level was downregulated. The levels of mRNA for T helper 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and for chemotactants such as eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2, were reduced. Moreover, the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the ratio of goblet cells in the bronchiole were decreased. The study concluded that the depletion of NO caused by arginase contributes to AHR and inflammation, and direct administration of an arginase inhibitor to the airway may be beneficial and could be of use in treating asthma due to its anti-inflammatory and airway-relaxing effects, although it is not clear whether the anti-inflammatory effect is direct or indirect.

The anti-inflammatory agents Siblings Nitroxyl (HNO) and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cardioprotection

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Claudia Penna ◽  
Donatella Gattullo ◽  
Pasquale Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nitric Oxide-NASIDS Donor Prodrugs as Hybrid Safe Anti-inflammatory Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdellatif ◽  
Eman Abdelall ◽  
Rania Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts from Lawsonia inermis of Indian origin to explore its potential for medicinal uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Manuja ◽  
Nitu Rathore ◽  
Shalki Chaudhary ◽  
Balvinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Lawsonia inermis Linn popularly known as the Henna has played an important role in ayurvedic or natural herbal medicines. The presence of phyto-constituents in henna, that may affect the animal or human health adversely, need to be elucidated for L. inermis Linn species grown in India. Introduction: Introduction: The aim of this research was to perform phytochemical, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory studies to understand the potential of leaves of Lawsonia inermis of Indian origin to provide a way forward for therapeutic use in medicine. Methods: We assessed the phytochemical profile for presence of phyto-constituents (alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, proteins/amino acids and gums/mucilage) from various extracts of the plant leaves’. The extracts were further purified by column chromatography for the isolation of plant constituents and monitored by TLC, analyzed by Fourier transform infrared FT-IR spectroscopy, H1NMR, and GC-MS analysis. Fractions were assessed for cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties at various concentrations. We assessed the anti-inflammatory activity by nitric oxide production in various leaf extracts determined by Griess assay. Results: All the spectral results suggest that the compounds from the extract contain aromatic nucleus and OH group along with methoxy group, allyl as well as vinyl group. Fractions of chloroform/methanolic (7:3) leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis confirmed the presence of the two constituents i.e. fraxetin and 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone. We observed significant difference in cytotoxicity at higher concentrations in methanol and chloroform:methanol (8:2) leaf extracts (p>0.05), we could not find any significant differences amongst other leaf extracts at different concentrations. Some leaf extracts have potential cytotoxic activity on vero cells. Reducing the chloroform concentration during extraction decreases the cytotoxic effect on the cells. The nitric oxide levels decreased from 1000 µg/ml concentration to lower concentrations with varying degree. Overall the highest nitric oxide production by CHCl3 (70%)/ MeOH (30%) was observed amongst various fractions at different concentrations. Conclusion: The phytochemical, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory studies indicating the potential of leaves of the plant to provide a way further for their use in medicine. Fraxetin 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone structures were confirmed in fractions of CHCl3 (70%)/ MeOH (30%) extract as observed as a potent constituents. Some leaf extracts have potential cytotoxic activity on vero cells. Reducing the chloroform concentration during extraction decreases the cytotoxic effect on the cells.The cytotoxicity studies indicates the presence of cytotoxic compounds in some of these extracts, warranting research for fabrication of suitable formulations comprising these constituents to reduce its dose/toxicity for the use of beneficial effects of the plant components.

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