scholarly journals Emerging views of statin pleiotropy and cholesterol lowering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongbo Yu ◽  
James K Liao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Abstract Over the past four decades, no class of drugs has had more impact on cardiovascular health than the 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins. Developed as potent lipid-lowering agents, statins were later shown to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients who are at risk for cardiovascular disease. However, retrospective analyses of some of these clinical trials have uncovered some aspects of their clinical benefits that may be additional to their lipid-lowering effects. Such ‘pleiotropic’ effects of statins garnered intense interest and debate over its contribution to cardiovascular risk reduction. This review will provide a brief background of statin pleiotropy, assess the available clinical evidence for and against their non-lipid-lowering benefits, and propose future research directions in this field.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Risk with Progestin Subdermal Implants: A Challenge in Patients Counseling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Mohammed ◽  
Noha A. Mousa ◽  
Iman M. Talaat ◽  
Haya Ibrahim ◽  
Maha Saber-Ayad
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Subdermal Implants

There is a steady global rise in the use of progestin subdermal implants, where use has increased by more than 20 times in the past two decades. BC risk has been reported with the older progestin only methods such as oral pills, injectables, and intrauterine devices, however, little is known about the risk with subdermal implants. In this review, we aim to update clinicians and researchers on the current evidence to support patient counseling and to inform future research directions. The available evidence of the association between the use of progestin subdermal implants and BC risk is discussed. We provide an overview of the potential role of endogenous progesterone in BC development. The chemical structure and molecular targets of synthetic progestins of relevance are summarized together with the preclinical and clinical evidence on their association with BC risk. We review all studies that investigated the action of the specific progestins included in subdermal implants. As well, we discuss the potential effect of the use of subdermal implants in women at increased BC risk, including carriers of BC susceptibility genetic mutations.

Serotonin syndrome with SSRIs augmentation of amisulpride: Two case report and literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S700-S700
Author(s):  
M. Preve ◽  
A. Ruccia ◽  
R. Traber ◽  
R.A. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionSerotonin syndrome is a potential adverse reaction to drugs increasing serotoninergic activity in the nervous system, some of them being frequently prescribed, such as antidepressant drugs. The association of myoclonus, diarrhea, confusion, hypomania, agitation, hyperreflexia, shivering, in-coordination, fever and diaphoresis, when patients are treated with serotoninergic agents, could constitute a “serotonin syndrome”. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence of serotonin syndrome with SSRIs augmentation of amisulpride. We propose two case report and literature review.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with the principal database (PubMed, Enbase, PsychInfo) and we present two case report [1,2].ResultsWe describe two different case report with SSRIs augmentation of amisulpride.Discussion and conclusionTo our knowledge this is no report about the emergence of serotonin syndrome due to the use of SSRIs augmentation of amisulpride. Serotonin syndrome symptoms include high body temperature, agitation, increased reflexes, tremor, sweating, fever, dilated pupils, and diarrhea. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Paramethoxymethamphetamine (Mitsubishi turbo) abuse: Case report and literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s875-s875
Author(s):  
M. Preve ◽  
N.E. Suardi ◽  
M. Godio ◽  
R. Traber ◽  
R.A. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Psychomotor Activation ◽  
Paranoid Delusion ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionParamethoxymethamphetamine and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMMA and PMA) are two so-called designer amphetamines, which appear from time to time on the illegal narcotics market in many countries. They are frequently sold as ecstasy or amphetamine, often mixed with amphetamine or methamphetamine [1, 2]. Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a hallucinogenic synthetic substituted amphetamine with capable of development of dependence [3]. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse of paramethoxyamphetamine. We propouse a case report and literature review.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with the principal database (PubMed, Enbase, PsychInfo) and we present a case report.ResultsThe effects of paramethoxyamphetamine is characterized at the beginning with symptoms like euphoria, derealizzation, psychomotor activation, feeling in tune with surroundings and in love for friends, who come to visual and auditory illusions and hallucinations, paranoid delusion, and violent agitation.Discussion and conclusionThe use of these recreational drugs is especially common among young people participating in rave parties. Occasionally paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) or paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) are found in street drugs offered as ecstasy. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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