scholarly journals Influence of a dynamic rearing environment on development of metabolic phenotypes in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwangseok R Yoon ◽  
David Deslauriers ◽  
W Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
River Temperature ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Environment–phenotype interactions are the most pronounced during early life stages and can strongly influence metabolism and ultimately ecological fitness. In the present study, we examined the effect of temperature [ambient river temperature (ART) vs ART+2°C], dissolved oxygen (DO; 100% vs 80%) and substrate (presence vs absence) on standard metabolic rate, forced maximum metabolic rate and metabolic scope with Fulton’s condition factor (K), energy density (ED) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, before and after a simulated overwintering event. We found that all the environmental variables strongly influenced survival, K, ED and CTmax. Fish reared in elevated temperature showed higher mortality and reduced K pre-winter at 127 days post-hatch (dph). Interestingly, we did not find any significant difference in terms of metabolic rate between treatments at both sampling points of pre- and post-winter. Long-term exposure to 80% DO reduced ED in Lake Sturgeon post-winter at 272 dph. Our data suggest that substrate should be removed at the onset of exogenous feeding to enhance the survival rate of age-0 Lake Sturgeon in the first year of life. Effects of early rearing environment during larval development on survival over winter are discussed with respect to successful recruitment of stock enhanced Lake Sturgeon, a species that is at risk throughout its natural range.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and substrate on the development of metabolic phenotypes in age-0 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens): implications for overwintering survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1596-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwangseok R. Yoon ◽  
David Deslauriers ◽  
Eva C. Enders ◽  
Jason R. Treberg ◽  
W. Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
The Impact

The impact of early rearing environment on phenotypic development in teleosts has been reasonably well-documented, but only recently has attention been paid to sturgeon raised for conservation purposes. In the present study, we hypothesized that rearing environment will result in the development of distinct metabolic phenotypes in age-0 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and that these phenotypes will drive differential survival rates during a simulated overwintering event. Lake sturgeon gametes were fertilized and raised in one of three different environments: 16 °C + 100% dissolved oxygen (DO), 14 °C + 100% DO, and 16 °C + 80% DO, each with or without substrate. We measured standard metabolic rate, forced maximum metabolic rate, metabolic scope, energy density, hepatosomatic index, Fulton’s condition factor, and enzyme activities associated with ATP production. Our results suggest that subtle changes in abiotic environments during early life history result in the development of distinct metabolic phenotypes during the first year of life. These have important implications for survival of age-0 lake sturgeon when stocked in the fall of their first year.

scholarly journals Response in Growth, Scute Development, and Whole-Body Ion Composition of Acipenser fulvescens Reared in Water of Differing Chemistries

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Janet Genz ◽  
Rachael Hicks
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yolk Absorption

In fishes, environmental ion availability can have substantial effects on growth and development. This study examined the development of Lake Sturgeon in response to the varying environmental ion availability that they experience as part of a conservation stocking program. We reared sturgeon in natural water from the Coosa River, which had higher concentrations of Mg2+, Na+, and Zn2+ than standard hatchery conditions, while [Ca2+] at the Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery was 2× higher than in the Coosa River. Eggs were hatched in each water type and the larvae were sampled at time points before and after yolk absorption during the first 8 weeks of development. Total length and weight in WSNFH larvae were significantly higher than larvae in Coosa River water starting at 8 dph, indicating that growth was dependent on the different environmental ion levels. Concentrations of the ions of interest were also determined for whole-body acid digests of the exposed Lake Sturgeon. We found that Lake Sturgeon reared in Coosa River water had significantly higher magnesium and zinc than Lake Sturgeon reared in WSNFH water (p < 0.05), while calcium was significantly higher in WSNFH than Coosa River water. This difference shows that different environmental ion concentrations also impact the overall development of larval Lake Sturgeon.

Cortisol and catecholamine responses to social context and a chemical alarm signal in juvenile lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Hare ◽  
Ahmed Waheed ◽  
James F. Hare ◽  
W. Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Group Living ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Skin Homogenate

We examined potential benefits of group living in juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and whether those benefits applied equally to associations with conspecific and allospecific individuals. In the first experiment, one focal lake sturgeon was placed with either seven size-matched conspecifics, allospecifics, or in isolation and given a 30 s air exposure. In the second experiment, one focal lake sturgeon was placed with either seven conspecifics or in isolation and was exposed to a conspecific skin homogenate as a potential alarm substance or a control of distilled water. Cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were measured before and after exposure in each experiment via an indwelling cannula in the caudal sinus. In the first experiment, lake sturgeon held with allospecifics and in isolation had a significantly longer norepinephrine response. Furthermore, plasma norepinephrine concentration in the focal lake sturgeon in the allospecific treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments following air exposure. In the second experiment, there was no behavioural or hormonal response to the introduction of conspecific skin homogenate, yet isolated fish had elevated baseline norepinephrine and cortisol levels. Finally, comparison of baseline levels of all three hormones between two ages of juveniles indicated an effect of age on baseline epinephrine levels. Our findings confirm the potential physiological benefit of group living in lake sturgeon and suggest an ontogenetic shift in both the behavioural response to potential stressors and the baseline hormonal levels that may influence fitness.

scholarly journals Standard metabolic rate does not associate with age-at-maturity genotype in juvenile Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik R Asheim ◽  
Jenni M Prokkola ◽  
Sergey Morozov ◽  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Craig R Primmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Significant Difference

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species with diverse life-history strategies, to which the timing of maturation contributes considerably. Recently, the genome region including the gene vgll3 has gained attention as a locus with a large effect on salmon maturation timing, and recent studies on the vgll3 locus in salmon have indicated that its effect might be mediated through body condition and accumulation of adipose tissue. However, the cellular and physiological pathways leading from vgll3 genotype to phenotype are still unknown. Standard metabolic rate is a potentially important trait for resource acquisition and assimilation and we hypothesized that this trait, being a proxy for the maintenance energy expenditure of an individual, could be an important link in the pathway from vgll3 genotype to maturation-timing phenotype. As a first step to studying links between vgll3 and the metabolic phenotype of Atlantic salmon, we measured the standard metabolic rate of 150 first year Atlantic salmon juveniles of both sexes, originating from 14 different families with either late maturing or early maturing vgll3 genotypes. No significant difference in mass-adjusted standard metabolic rate was detected between individuals with different vgll3 genotypes, indicating that juvenile salmon of different vgll3 genotypes have similar maintenance energy requirements in the experimental conditions used and that the effects of vgll3 on body condition and maturation are not strongly related to maintenance energy expenditure in either sex at this life stage.

The effect of temperature on standard metabolic rate of Brown Anoles

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Steffen ◽  
Arthur G. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Male And Female

Understanding the influences of sex and ambient temperature on metabolic rates of reptiles is of fundamental interest to biologists because of the role that temperature-dependent metabolic rates play in shaping behaviour, life history evolution and geographic range. We investigated the effects of sex, body mass and temperature on standard metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and Q10 in male and female Brown Anoles, Norops sagrei. When mass-adjusted, oxygen consumption increased linearly with temperature, and there was no effect of sex. RQ did not differ by sex or temperature. Q10 was within the range published for other lizards.

The Influence of the Thyroid Function on the Metabolic Rate of Prothrombin, Factor VII, and Factor X in the Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 607-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan T. van Oosterom ◽  
Herman Mattie ◽  
Wim Th Hermens ◽  
Jan J. Veltkamp
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryThe influence of the thyroid function on the metabolic rate of prothrombin, factor VII, and X was studied in the rat. Disappearance rates of the three coagulation factors were measured after synthesis had been blocked with appropriate doses of warfarin, and reappearance rates were assessed upon induction of synthesis by high doses of vitamin K1 injected into rats displaying coumarin induced hypocoagulability.No statistically significant difference in the disappearance and production rates of any of the factors could be found between normal euthyroid rats and thyroxin-treated hypothyroid rats proven to be euthyroid. The differences between the two euthyroid groups and the hypothyroid group were highly significant, however: hypothyroidism results in an approximately 50% decrease of the metabolic rates of the three coagulation factors under study.The reappearance of the three factors, under euthyroid as well as hypothyroid conditions, showed a biphasic pattern: in the first two hours after vitamin K1 administration to warfarin treated rats, a rapid reappearance was observed, to the same extent for all three factors, in hypo- as well as euthyroid rats. This finding suggests that in vitamin K1 deficiency an intracellular accumulation of precursor proteins (PIVKAs) occurs, which after rapid conversion into biologically active coagulation factors by vitamin K1 are shed into circulation.The subsequent phase of reappearance is much slower and reflects the synthesis rate of coagulation enzymes. It is characteristic for each factor and clearly slower in hypothyroid rats than in euthyroid rats. From this an influence of thyroid function on the synthesis rate of the protein moiety of coagulation factors can be inferred.An apparent difference between disappearance and reappearance rate of the coagulation factors in the plasma, particularly pronounced for factors VII and X in euthyroid rats, could theoretically be explained as the consequence of the model used for derivation of these rates.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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