scholarly journals Physiological stress responses of tigers due to anthropogenic disturbance especially tourism in two central Indian tiger reserves

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Tyagi ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Sagar Kittur ◽  
Mahender Reddy ◽  
Sergey Naidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Tigers continue to face unprecedented threats to their existence due to poaching, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances. The present study examines the physiological stress response of tigers due to anthropogenic activities including wildlife tourism in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and Kanha Tiger Reserve using faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) measurement. We collected a total of 341 faecal samples from both reserves during tourism and non-tourism periods. Data on various anthropogenic disturbances including tourism activities like number of vehicles and visitors were also collected. We ascertained the species identity and sex of all the samples collected using genetic markers. fGCMs were extracted using a previously reported procedure, and fGCM concentrations were subsequently determined using an established enzyme immunoassay. There was no significant difference in overall mean fGCM concentrations between the two tiger reserves, but within each reserve, concentrations were significantly higher in tigers during the tourism period as compared to the non-tourism period. We also found that the number of tourist vehicles and disturbance level significantly correlated with fGCM concentrations. This study further supports the assumption that unbridled tourism associated with high anthropogenic disturbance can be related to perceived stress and consequently may have an impact on the reproductive fitness of tigers and long-term survival of isolated populations.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Stress Responses of Reintroduced Tigers in Relation to Anthropogenic Disturbance in Sariska Tiger Reserve in India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0127626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadeep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Mithileshwari Chandrasekhar ◽  
Manjari Malviya ◽  
Andre Ganswindt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Tiger Reserve

scholarly journals Human protection drives the emergence of a new coping style in animals

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e3001186
Author(s):  
Bastien Sadoul ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Sébastien Alfonso ◽  
Benjamin Geffroy
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Environmental Threats

Wild animals face novel environmental threats from human activities that may occur along a gradient of interactions with humans. Recent work has shown that merely living close to humans has major implications for a variety of antipredator traits and physiological responses. Here, we hypothesize that when human presence protects prey from their genuine predators (as sometimes seen in urban areas and at some tourist sites), this predator shield, followed by a process of habituation to humans, decouples commonly associated traits related to coping styles, which results in a new range of phenotypes. Such individuals are characterized by low aggressiveness and physiological stress responses, but have enhanced behavioral plasticity, boldness, and cognitive abilities. We refer to these individuals as “preactive,” because their physiological and behavioral coping style falls outside the classical proactive/reactive coping styles. While there is some support for this new coping style, formal multivariate studies are required to investigate behavioral and physiological responses to anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Time Course Changes in Selected Biochemical Stress Indices in Broilers Exposed to Short-term Noise

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S35-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
Petr Chloupek ◽  
Petra Vošmerová ◽  
Jan Chloupek ◽  
Vladimír Večerek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
And Control

Time course changes in selected biochemical stress indices (corticosterone, triglycerides, glucose, cholesterol) following short-term noise exposure at 100 dB for 28 min were studied in broilers aged 42 days. Corticosterone concentrations were found to increase during the first 10 min of noise exposure and to differ significantly from the control (background sound – 50 dB) at Time 10 min and 14 min, then decreased continually and at 28 min returned to the initial prestress value. Triglyceride concentrations increased in broilers exposed to 100 dB noise during the first 12 min with a significant difference from the control at 12 min and 14 min. Glucose concentrations were higher due to 100 dB noise exposure for almost the entire period monitored, with significant differences between 100 dB and control broilers at 6 min and from 10 min to 14 min. Similarly as for the corticosterone concentration, a drop in triglycerides and glucose concentrations was seen approximately from Time 14 min and a return to the pre-stress value at 28 min. The cholesterol concentrations showed various temporal patterns with no significant difference between 100 dB and control broilers in this experiment. The pattern of response found in the study indicates that 100 dB noise represents a stress factor in broilers, however, there is the ability of broilers to adapt to an increased level of noise at this intensity after the first 14 min of exposure. The findings obtained in the study may contribute to expanding detailed knowledge of physiological stress responses to this specific noise stimulus in poultry, and could thereby be used to improve the welfare of broilers in intensive housing systems.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Disturbances Have Contributed to Degradation of River Water Quality in Arid Areas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Guixiang Zhang ◽  
Yonghong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
The Relationship

The earth has been reshaped for millennia. The accelerating pace of anthropogenic activities has generated enormous impacts on the water environment. As one of the main drivers of landscape change, anthropogenic disturbance has brought many negative effects on rivers. Studying the relationship between anthropogenic disturbances and river water quality is of significance for regional conservation and ecosystem management, while the relationship remains poorly understood in the current. In this study, we quantified anthropogenic disturbances by introducing the concept of the hemeroby index and evaluated rivers’ water quality in eight sub-watersheds on the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that 37.5% of the sub-watersheds were in Eutrophic status, and 62.5% were in Marginal water quality index. The river water quality was most poor in the southwestern region near the Yellow River with high-level anthropogenic disturbance. A correlation analysis between water quality indicators and hemeroby suggested that anthropogenic disturbance contributed to a significant water quality deterioration trend (p < 0.01). The river water quality was relatively sensitive to the changes of completely disturbed land-use covers, including urban and industrial land. Our findings provide theoretical guidance for regional water resources conservation and ecosystem management in arid areas.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Symposium: Stress Phenotype: Linking Molecular, Cellular, and Physiological Stress Responses to Fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Britt J Heidinger ◽  
Haruka Wada
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Integrative Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Although most organisms respond to environmental and social stressors by initiating a stress response that is expected to increase fitness, we currently lack information about how the stress response is integrated across levels of biological organization. Organismal biologists and physiological ecologists have tended to focus on questions related to how the glucocorticoid stress response varies across ecological contexts and is related to fitness, whereas, molecular and cellular biologists have typically investigated the fundamental underlying mechanisms. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the stress response will require integrative studies that span levels of analyses. This information will be critical for predicting how selection will influence the expression of this complex phenotype at the organismal level, as well as how the integration of the underlying mechanisms will influence the evolutionary response to selection. As diverse organisms are expected to experience rising stress exposure in the face of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change, this information is becoming increasingly urgent. The overarching goals of this symposium were to bring together researchers that study the stress response across levels of organization in diverse organisms to identify important gaps in knowledge and novel research approaches that could be used to advance the field.

scholarly journals 0309 Stress Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation in the Basal Forebrain is a Result of Sleep Loss

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A116-A117
Author(s):  
E Chiem ◽  
I Nichols ◽  
K Paul
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Abstract Introduction The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between stress and sleep are unclear. Nitric oxide, a diffusible signaling molecule, plays an important role in physiological stress responses and sleep. The medial septum (MS) and vertical diagonal band (VDB) are sleep regulatory regions of the basal forebrain whose cells express nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we examined the effects of sleep loss and restraint stress on NOS activation in the MS and VDB. Methods Adult male and female C57BL/J6 mice were randomly assigned to a control, total sleep deprivation (TSD), or restraint stress group. TSD was performed for 6h using gentle handling, and restraint was performed for 6h by immobilizing the mice in a plastic restraint device. Both procedures began at light onset in a 12:12 light:dark cycle. Immediately following the procedures, mice were sacrificed, and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) was measured in the MS and VDB to determine NOS activity. Results A multivariate ANOVA revealed main effects of TSD and restraint stress on NADPH-d in the MS (F(2,13) = 7.0921, p = 0.011) and VDB (F(2,13)=6.416, p = 0.014) in females. A post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between control and TSD (p = 0.011 (MS), p = 0.014 (VDB)), and between control and restraint (p = 0.032 (MS), p = 0.048 (VDB)), but no significant difference between TSD and restraint. There is a sex difference in NADPH-d in these regions (p &lt; 0.005) that reverses direction following TSD and restraint stress. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that NOS activity in the basal forebrain may underlie sex differences in stress responses. Since there is no significant difference between the TSD and restraint stress, this suggests that the effect of restraint stress on NOS activation is a result of sleep loss, and not due to induction of a stress mechanism. Support This study was partly funded by R01-NS078410 and UCLA start-up funds.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Long-term survival of the nasal NK/T cell lymphoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (17) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Péter Rajnics ◽  
László Krenács ◽  
András Kenéz ◽  
Zoltán Járay ◽  
Enikő Bagdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nk T Cell

The nasal NK/T cell lymphoma is a rare, extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in western civilizations, which has poor prognosis. The Epstein–Barr virus can be detected in tumor cells in nearly all cases. There are no definite treatment guidelines in our days. There is no significant difference in survival between radiotherapy and chemotherapy according to Asian studies. In this case study we show our diagnostic procedures, our treatment options and we present the summary of this illness based on the data found in the literature.

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