scholarly journals Monitoring ovarian cycles, pregnancy and post-partum in captive marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) by measuring fecal steroids

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Furlan Polegato ◽  
Eveline dos Santos Zanetti ◽  
José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Fecal Steroids ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

scholarly journals Development of dominant follicles and length of ovarian cycles in post-partum dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Savio ◽  
M. P. Boland ◽  
J. F. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Resumption of oestrous and ovarian cyclicity during the post-partum period in autumn-lambing ewes is not influenced by age or dietary protein content

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Mitchell ◽  
M. E. King ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
J. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Ovarian Cycles ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractThe objective was to determine the effect of age and dietary protein content on post-partum oestrous and ovarian cyclicity in autumn-lambing ewes. Twenty-four multiparous (age 4·5 (s.e. 0·61) years) and 24 primiparous (age 1·5 years) ewes which lambed on 28 October (s.e. 0·2) and were rearing 2·0 and. 1·7 (s.e. 0·13) lambs, respectively, were equally allocated to two dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets comprised a d libitum hay supplemented with concentrate (12·5 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM) and either 210 or 140 g crude protein per kg DM), offered at a daily allowance of 1·2 kg per ewe from lambing to weaning (18 December) and 0·4 kg per ewe thereafter. Throughout the study (3 November to 24 May) ewes were group-housed in straw-bedded pens under natural photoperiod at 57°N and their live weights and body condition scores were assessed at 2-week intervals. A raddled vasectomized ram was continually present with each group and ewes marked by the ram were recorded thrice weekly. Blood samples were obtained thrice weekly for measurement of peripheral progesterone concentrations and ovulation rate was determined by laparoscopy during January and March. There was no significant effect of dietary protein content on any of the variables measured. For multiparous and primiparous ewes, mean live weights and body condition scores at lambing were 79·5 (s.e. 1·41) v. 58·4 (s.e. 1·54) kg (P < 0·001) and 2·5 (s.e. 0·05) v. 2·2 (s.e. 0·05) (P < 0·001) and daily live-weight losses over the suckling period were 153 (s.e. 19·3) v. 85 (s.e. 21·1) glday (P < 0·05). Intervals from parturition to first overt oestrus were 39 (s.e. 3·2) v. 33 (s.e. 2·3) days and to the onset of ovarian cyclicity were 29 (s.e. 4·9) v. 25 (s.e. 1·5) days. Durations of ovarian cyclicity were 133 (s.e. 27·1) and 110 (s.e. 5·7) days (P < 0·01) during which 7·6 (s.e. 0·32) and 6·5 (s.e. 0·34) (P < 0·05) ovarian cycles were recorded respectively. Fifteen ewes had initial short cycles (≤10 days), six had prolonged cycles (≥21 days) and 11 had extended inter-luteal phase intervals (≥8 days). All ewes had recent ovulations at the January laparoscopy but only 19 multiparous and nine primiparous ewes had ovulations in March. Mean ovulation rates were: January 2·2 (s.e. 0·14) and 1·4 (s.e. 0·13) (P < 0·001), and March 1·6 (s.e. 0·23) and 1·2 (s.e. 0·15) for multiparous and primiparous ewes, respectively. It is concluded that, for ewes lambing at their normal time of mating, (i) the strong seasonal drive for reproduction results in the resumption of oestrous and ovarian cyclicity during the early post-partum period; (ii) initial luteal phases may be of short or extended duration; (Hi) there is no effect of age or dietary protein content, within the range studied, on the onset of ovarian cyclicity; and (iv) multiparous ewes experience a greater number of ovarian cycles and achieve higher ovulation rates than primiparous ewes.

scholarly journals Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is lower in dairy cows of reduced fertility

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J Clarke ◽  
Charlotte B Reed ◽  
Chris R Burke ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Susanne Meier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that divergent genetic merit for fertility of dairy cows is due to aberrant reproductive neuroendocrine function. The kisspeptin status of non-pregnant cows of either positive (POS) or negative (NEG) breeding values for fertility was studied in 3 groups (n = 8), based on their previous post-partum period: POS cows which had spontaneous ovarian cycles (POS-CYC) and NEG cows which either cycled (NEG-CYC) or did not cycle (NEG-NONCYC). Ovarian cycles were synchronized, blood samples were taken to define endocrine status and the animals were slaughtered in an artificial follicular phase. The brains and the pituitary glands were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) of hypothalamic GNRH1, Kiss1, TAC3 and PDYN and pituitary expression of LHB and FSHB. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin levels were quantified in snap frozen median eminentes (ME). GNRH1 expression and GnRH levels in the ME were similar across groups. Kiss1 expression in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus was also similar across groups, but Kiss1 in the arcuate nucleus was almost 2-fold higher in POS-CYC cows than in NEG groups. TAC3 expression was higher in POS-CYC cows. The number of pituitary gonadotropes and the level of expression of LHB and FSHB was similar across groups. We conclude that the lower levels of Kiss1 and TAC3 in NEG cows with low fertility status, and may lead to deficient GnRH and gonadotropin secretion.

scholarly journals An interaction between season of calving and nutrition on the resumption of ovarian cycles in post-partum beef cattle

Reproduction ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Montgomery ◽  
I. C. Scott ◽  
N. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Milk progesterone profiles and factors affecting post partum ovarian activity in beef cows

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Peters ◽  
G. M. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

ABSTRACTProgesterone concentration was measured in milk samples collected twice or three times weekly from 157 suckling beef cows in three herds during the period from parturition until the resumption of ovarian cycles. The length of the post partum acyclic period varied between cows from 11 to 125 days. The length of the acyclic period did not differ between cows suckling one or two calves or between the two breeds of cow studied. There were significant negative correlations between the length of the acyclic period and 1. body weight at calving (r = −0·394; P<0·001) and 2. days from calving to the next longest day of the year (r=−0·782; P<0·001). Cows calving between February and April were acyclic significantly longer (83 days) than those calving between August and December (44 days; s.e. of difference = 3·5; P < 0·001). In one herd there was a significant negative correlation between the length of the acyclic period and order of calving both in spring (r=−0·379; P<0·05)- and autumn/winter (r=− 0·349; P < 0·05)-calving cows. Of the 40 spring-calving cows in the same herd, 17 were served naturally prior to any rise in milk progesterone concentrations and 11 of these conceived to this service.

Serum Vitamin B12 Concentrations among Mothers and Newborns and Follow-up Study to Assess Implication on the Growth Velocity and the Urinary Methylmalonic Acid Excretion

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (56) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Hussein ◽  
Sahar Abdel Aziz ◽  
Salwa Tapouzada ◽  
Boehles
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Metabolic Marker ◽  
Biochemical Measurement

Objective:Cobalamin (B12) deficiency has been reported in infants born to mothers with low cobalamin intake. Early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants is critical for the prevention of neurobehavioral disorders. We investigated the relationship between serum vitamin B12 level in newborns and in their healthy mothers who consumed an omnivorous diet. Anthropometry was studied longitudinally to assess the growth velocity of the infants. Urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion of 6-month old infants was compared retrospectively as the biomarker correlated with the initial serum vitamin B12 concentrations. Methods: Serum cobalamin and blood hemoglobin were determined in 84 pairs of newborns and their mothers. Urinary MMA excretion was measured in the same subjects during the first 6 months of the post partum period. Results: At birth, median serum cobalamin levels were 152.0 pmol/L in the mothers and 296.6 pmol/L in the newborns. Maternal and neonatal serum cobalamin levels had no effect on growth velocity during the first six months of postnatal life. Serum maternal and neonatal cobalamin levels were inversely associated with urinary MMA excretion. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of vitamin B12 status in neonates and infants is crucial, particularly in nutritionally deprived areas. Biochemical measurement of plasma cobalamin or its metabolic marker MMA is highly recommended. Urinary MMA measurement in cobalamin diagnostics provides an advantage in that blood sampling is not required. A vitamin B12 taskforce should be created to alleviate vitamin deficiency and its negative consequences.

Makroskopische Beurteilung der Alpakaplazenta

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (05) ◽  
pp. 326-327
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Pathologische Veränderungen

Meesters M, Opsomer G, Govaere J. Macroscopic evaluation of the placenta of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Reprod Dom Anim 2019; 54: 996–1002 Zu den wesentlichen Untersuchungen post partum gehört die makroskopische Beurteilung der Plazenta. Insbesondere bei einem Abort, einer Früh- oder Totgeburt sollte die Nachgeburt sorgfältig auf Anomalien wie Unvollständigkeit, Plazentitis, Ödeme oder andere Veränderungen untersucht werden. Um pathologische Veränderungen erkennen zu können, muss dem Untersucher der physiologische Zustand einer Nachgeburt bekannt sein. Bisher fehlen jedoch ausreichende Referenzen für unauffällige Alpakaplazenten. Ziel der Studie war, physiologische Plazenten von Alpakas hinsichtlich Aussehen, Größe, Gewicht und Volumen zu untersuchen und damit künftigen Untersuchern die objektive Beurteilung von Alpakaplazenten zu ermöglichen.

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