scholarly journals Can local adaptation explain varying patterns of herbivory tolerance in a recently introduced woody plant in North America?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall W. Long ◽  
Susan E. Bush ◽  
Kevin C. Grady ◽  
David S. Smith ◽  
Daniel L. Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Herbivory Tolerance

scholarly journals Environmental correlates of genetic variation in the invasive and largely panmictic European starling in North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie R. Hofmeister ◽  
Scott J. Werner ◽  
Irby J. Lovette
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
North American ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Local Selection

ABSTRACTPopulations of invasive species that colonize and spread in novel environments may differentiate both through demographic processes and local selection. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were introduced to New York in 1890 and subsequently spread throughout North America, becoming one of the most widespread and numerous bird species on the continent. Genome-wide comparisons across starling individuals and populations can identify demographic and/or selective factors that facilitated this rapid and successful expansion. We investigated patterns of genomic diversity and differentiation using reduced-representation genome sequencing (ddRADseq) of 17 winter-season starling populations. Consistent with this species’ high dispersal rate and rapid expansion history, we found low geographic differentiation and few FST outliers even at a continental scale. Despite starting from a founding population of approximately 180 individuals, North American starlings show only a moderate genetic bottleneck, and models suggest a dramatic increase in effective population size since introduction. In genotype-environment associations we found that ∼200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are correlated with temperature and/or precipitation against a background of negligible genome- and range-wide divergence. Local adaptation in North American starlings may have evolved rapidly even in this wide-ranging and evolutionarily young population. This survey of genomic signatures of expansion in North American starlings is the most comprehensive to date and complements ongoing studies of world-wide local adaptation in these highly dispersive and invasive birds.

scholarly journals Intercontinental karyotype–environment parallelism supports a role for a chromosomal inversion in local adaptation in a seaweed fly

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1881) ◽  
pp. 20180519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mérot ◽  
Emma L. Berdan ◽  
Charles Babin ◽  
Eric Normandeau ◽  
Maren Wellenreuther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Adult Size

Large chromosomal rearrangements are thought to facilitate adaptation to heterogeneous environments by limiting genomic recombination. Indeed, inversions have been implicated in adaptation along environmental clines and in ecotype specialization. Here, we combine classical ecological studies and population genetics to investigate an inversion polymorphism previously documented in Europe among natural populations of the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida along a latitudinal cline in North America. We test if the inversion is present in North America and polymorphic, assess which environmental conditions modulate the inversion karyotype frequencies, and document the relationship between inversion karyotype and adult size. We sampled nearly 2000 flies from 20 populations along several environmental gradients to quantify associations of inversion frequencies to heterogeneous environmental variables. Genotyping and phenotyping showed a widespread and conserved inversion polymorphism between Europe and America. Variation in inversion frequency was significantly associated with environmental factors, with parallel patterns between continents, indicating that the inversion may play a role in local adaptation. The three karyotypes of the inversion are differently favoured across micro-habitats and represent life-history strategies likely to be maintained by the collective action of several mechanisms of balancing selection. Our study adds to the mounting evidence that inversions are facilitators of adaptation and enhance within-species diversity.

Biogeography of Woody Plant Chemical Defense against Snowshoe Hare Browsing: Comparison of Alaska and Eastern North America

Oikos ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bryant ◽  
Robert K. Swihart ◽  
P. B. Reichardt ◽  
Lucy Newton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Plant Chemical Defense ◽  
Plant Chemical

scholarly journals Natural population re-sequencing detects the genetic basis of local adaptation to low temperature in a woody plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Hu ◽  
Xianjun Peng ◽  
Fenfen Wang ◽  
Peilin Chen ◽  
Meiling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Woody Plant

Association between mites and leaf domatia: evidence from Bangladesh, South Asia

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley A. Rozario
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Predaceous Mites ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACTMites use the leaf domatia of many woody plant species in Australasia and North America. Different types of leaf domatia, including pits, pockets and tuft domatia, are present among plant species in disturbed forests, plantations and gardens of Bangladesh in South Asia. These structures are frequently occupied by mites. Pooling across all species, domatia were often (66%) occupied by mites and used by them for shelter, egg-laying and development. On average, 70% of all mites on leaves were found in domatia, and over three-quarters of these were potentially beneficial (i.e. of predaceous or microbivorous taxa) to the plant. Further, when species were pooled across sites, leaves of domatia-bearing plants had significantly more predaceous mites than those of plants without domatia. These results are consistent with the patterns of mite-domatia association reported in Australasia, North America and North Asia and with predictions of mutualism between plants and mites.

scholarly journals Karyotype-environment associations support a role for a chromosomal inversion in local adaptation in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mérot ◽  
Emma Berdan ◽  
Charles Babin ◽  
Eric Normandeau ◽  
Maren Wellenreuther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Coelopa Frigida

AbstractLarge chromosomal rearrangements are thought to facilitate adaptation to heterogeneous environments by limiting genomic recombination. Indeed, inversions have been implicated in adaptation along environmental clines and in ecotype specialisation. Here, we combine classical ecological studies and population genetics to investigate an inversion polymorphism previously documented in Europe among natural populations of the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida along a latitudinal cline in North America. We test if the inversion is present in North America and polymorphic, assess which environmental conditions modulate the inversion karyotype frequencies, and document the relationship between inversion karyotype and adult size. We sampled nearly 2,000 flies from 20 populations along several environmental gradients to quantify associations of inversion frequencies to heterogeneous environmental variables. Genotyping and phenotyping showed a widespread and conserved inversion polymorphism between Europe and America. Variation in inversion frequency was significantly associated with environmental factors, with parallel patterns between continents, indicating that the inversion may play a role in local adaptation. The three karyotypes of the inversion are differently favoured across micro-habitats and represent life-history strategies likely maintained by the collective action of several mechanisms of balancing selection. Our study adds to the mounting evidence that inversions are facilitators of adaptation and enhance within-species diversity.

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