scholarly journals Physiological and behavioural responses of moose to hunting with dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Randi Græsli ◽  
Luc Le Grand ◽  
Alexandra Thiel ◽  
Boris Fuchs ◽  
Olivier Devineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Ruminal Temperature ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Maximum Body

Abstract Optimal management of hunted species requires an understanding of the impacts of hunting on both individual animal and population levels. Recent technological advancements in biologging enable us to obtain increasingly detailed information from free-ranging animals, covering longer periods of time, and providing the data needed to assess such impacts. In Sweden, more than 80 000 moose are harvested annually, mostly hunted with the use of baying dogs. The effects of this hunting method on animal welfare and stress are understudied. Here, we evaluated 6 real and 17 experimental hunting approaches with baying dogs [wearing global positioning system (GPS) collars] on 8 adult female moose equipped with ruminal temperature loggers, subcutaneous heart rate (HR) loggers and GPS collars with accelerometers. The obtained data were used to analyse the behavioural and physiological responses of moose to hunting with dogs. Successful experimental approaches (moose and dog were within 240 m for >10 min) resulted in higher maximum body temperature (Tb, 0.88°C higher) and a mean increase in HR of 24 bpm in moose at the day of the approach compared to the day after. The moose rested on average >90 min longer the day after the approach compared to the day of the approach. The moose travelled on average 4.2 km longer and had a 1.3 m/s higher maximum speed the day of the approach compared to the day after. Our results demonstrate that hunting with dogs increase moose energy expenditure and resting time (and consequently decrease time available for foraging) on an individual level. This could possibly affect body condition and reproduction rates if the hunting disturbances occur frequently.

scholarly journals Measuring Fine-Scale White-Tailed Deer Movements and Environmental Influences Using GPS Collars

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Webb ◽  
Kenneth L. Gee ◽  
Bronson K. Strickland ◽  
Stephen Demarais ◽  
Randy W. DeYoung
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Tracking Devices

Few studies have documented fine-scale movements of ungulate species, including white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus), despite the advent of global positioning system (GPS) technology incorporated into tracking devices. We collected fine-scale temporal location estimates (i.e., 15 min/relocation attempt) from 17 female and 15 male white-tailed deer over 7 years and 3 seasons in Oklahoma, USA. Our objectives were to document fine-scale movements of females and males and determine effects of reproductive phase, moon phase, and short-term weather patterns on movements. Female and male movements were primarily crepuscular. Male total daily movements were 20% greater during rut () than postrut (). Female daily movements were greatest during postparturition (), followed by parturition (), and preparturition (). We found moon phase had no effect on daily, nocturnal, and diurnal deer movements and fine-scale temporal weather conditions had an inconsistent influence on deer movement patterns within season. Our data suggest that hourly and daily variation in weather events have minimal impact on movements of white-tailed deer in southern latitudes. Instead, routine crepuscular movements, presumed to maximize thermoregulation and minimize predation risk, appear to be the most important factors influencing movements.

Monitoring Players’ Readiness Using Predicted Heart-Rate Responses to Soccer Drills

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lacome ◽  
Ben Simpson ◽  
Nick Broad ◽  
Martin Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fitness Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To examine the ability of multivariate models to predict the heart-rate (HR) responses to some specific training drills from various global positioning system (GPS) variables and to examine the usefulness of the difference in predicted vs actual HR responses as an index of fitness or readiness to perform. Method: All data were collected during 1 season (2016–17) with players’ soccer activity recorded using 5-Hz GPS and internal load monitored using HR. GPS and HR data were analyzed during typical small-sided games and a 4-min standardized submaximal run (12 km·h−1). A multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to identify which combinations of GPS variables showed the largest correlations with HR responses at the individual level (HRACT, 149 [46] GPS/HR pairs per player) and was further used to predict HR during individual drills (HRPRED). Then, HR predicted was compared with actual HR to compute an index of fitness or readiness to perform (HRΔ, %). The validity of HRΔ was examined while comparing changes in HRΔ with the changes in HR responses to a submaximal run (HRRUN, fitness criterion) and as a function of the different phases of the season (with fitness being expected to increase after the preseason). Results: HRPRED was very largely correlated with HRACT (r = .78 [.04]). Within-player changes in HRΔ were largely correlated with within-player changes in HRRUN (r = .66, .50–.82). HRΔ very likely decreased from July (3.1% [2.0%]) to August (0.8% [2.2%]) and most likely decreased further in September (−1.5% [2.1%]). Conclusions: HRΔ is a valid variable to monitor elite soccer players’ fitness and allows fitness monitoring on a daily basis during normal practice, decreasing the need for formal testing.

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Various-Sided Games in Elite Women’s Soccer

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn K. Mara ◽  
Kevin G. Thompson ◽  
Kate L. Pumpa
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Aerobic Conditioning ◽  
Repeat Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeat Sprint ◽  
Women's Soccer

Purpose:To investigate the physical and physiological response to different formats of various-sided games.Methods:Eighteen elite women’s soccer players wore 15-Hz global positioning system devices and heart-rate (HR) monitors during various-sided games (small, 4 vs 4 and 5 vs 5; medium, 6 vs 6 and 7 vs 7; large, 8 vs 8 and 9 vs 9).Results:Players covered more relative sprinting distance during large-sided games than in small-sided (P < .001, d = 0.69) and medium-sided (P < .001, d = 0.54) games. In addition, a greater proportion of total acceleration efforts that had a commencement velocity <1 m/s were observed in small-sided games (44.7% ± 5.5%) than in large-sided games (36.7% ± 10.6%) (P = .018, d = 0.94). This was accompanied by a greater proportion of acceleration efforts with a final velocity equivalent to the sprint threshold in large-sided games (15.4% ± 7.7%) than in small-sided games (5.2% ± 2.5%) (P < .001, d = 1.78). The proportion of time spent in HR zone 4 (>85% maximum HR) was greater during small-sided games (69.8% ± 2.5%) than in medium- (62.1% ± 2.8%, d = 2.90) and large-sided games (54.9% ± 3.1%) (P < .001, d = 5.29).Conclusions:The results from this study demonstrate that coaches can use small-sided games as an aerobic conditioning stimulus and to develop players’ explosiveness and repeat-sprint ability over short durations. Large-sided games can be used to maintain aerobic capacity and develop maximum speed over longer distances.

scholarly journals Análisis de las demandas de Sprint en competición por puestos específicos en el rugby 7 femenino (Analysis of the Sprint demands during competition by playing positions in women’s rugby 7)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Javier Rodríguez Baena ◽  
Javier Galvez Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Individual Threshold

Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las manifestaciones de sprint, la capacidad de repetir sprint y las posibles diferencias entre los periodos de juego de jugadoras de rugby 7, teniendo en cuenta su puesto específico de juego. Fueron monitorizadas 21 jugadoras (edad 21.2 ± 2.4) agrupadas por puestos específicos: delanteras (n=9; 166.3 ± 12.6 cm; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg) y línea ¾ (n=12; 163.4 ± 9.8cm; 61.7 ± 4.1 kg) en torneos de competición oficial, utilizando un sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Para determinar un sprint se consideró umbral individualizado del 61% de la velocidad máxima de cada jugadora. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas al analizar los grupos de jugadoras (p <.05), en la velocidad máxima (27.0 ± 2.10 vs 24.7 ±1.65), en velocidad máxima en competición (25.9 ± 2.34 vs 21.9 ± 2.59), umbral de sprint (16.4 ± 1.29 vs 15.0 ± 1.0), número de sprint (6.83 ± 1.88 vs 4.54 ± 1.44), distancia recorrida a sprint (166.0 ± 15.64 vs 135 ± 13.94) y sprint repetidos (1.82 ± .76 vs 1.11 ± .31). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos de juego (p <.05), observándose una disminución considerable en el segundo tiempo de la velocidad máxima en competición, el número de sprints, distancia recorrida a sprint y sprints repetidos. Podemos concluir que el uso de umbrales relativos incrementa el registro del número de sprint. Las diferencias por puestos específicos puede ayudarnos a una mejor comprensión de las demandas de competición y optimizar la planificación del entrenamiento. Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyze sprint demands, the ability to repeat sprints and the possible differences between the playing periods of rugby-7 players, considering their playing position. A total of 21 players (age 21.2 ± 2.4) grouped by specific positions (forwards: n = 9; 166.3 ± 12.6 cm; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg; and backs :n = 12; 163.4 ± 9.8cm; 61.7 ± 4.1 kg) were monitored in official competition tournaments, using a global positioning system (GPS). To determine a sprint, an individual threshold of 61% of the maximum speed of each player was considered. The results show that, when analyzing the group of players (p <.05), there are significant differences in the maximum speed (27.0 ± 2.10 vs 24.7 ± 1.65), in maximum speed in competition (25.9 ± 2.34 vs 21.9 ± 2.59), threshold of sprint (16.4 ± 1.29 vs 15.0 ± 1.0), sprint number (6.83 ± 1.88 vs 4.54 ± 1.44), distance traveled to sprint (166.0 ± 15.64 vs 135 ± 13.94), and repeated sprint (1.82 ± .76 vs. 1.11 ± .31). Significant differences were found between both periods of play (p <.05), observing a considerable decrease of the maximum speed in competition, the number of sprints, distance traveled to sprints, and repeated sprints during the second half. The use of relative thresholds increases the number of sprints. The differences in playing positions can help us to better understand the demands of competition and optimize training planning.

scholarly journals Spatial Interactions of Yarded White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson ◽  
Glen A. Sargeant
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Global Positioning

We examined the spatial interactions of nine female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in two deeryards (winter aggregations) in northeastern Minnesota during February-April 1999. Global positioning system (GPS) collars yielded seven pair-wise comparisons of deer that were located at the same time (≤1 minute apart) and that used overlapping areas. Deer traveled separately and did not associate with one another. Within overlapping areas, comparisons of distances between deer and distances between random locations indicated deer moved without regard to each other. Similarly, comparisons of observed and expected probabilities of deer using areas overlapping those of other deer also evinced that deer moved independently.

Causes and Consequences of Timing Errors Associated With Global Positioning System Collar Accelerometer Activity Monitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Gaylord ◽  
Dana M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Timing Errors ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Monitor Data

Abstract Direct behavioral observations of multiple free-ranging animals over long periods of time and large geographic areas is prohibitively difficult. However, recent improvements in technology, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with motion-sensitive activity monitors, create the potential to remotely monitor animal behavior. Accelerometer-equipped activity monitors quantify animal motion with different amounts of movement presumably corresponding to different animal activities. Variations in motion among species and differences in collar design necessitate calibration for each collar and species of interest. We paired activity monitor data collected using Lotek GPS_4400 collars worn by captive Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni with simultaneously collected behavior observations. During our initial data screening, we observed many sampling intervals of directly observed behavior that did not pair to activity monitor data in a logical fashion. For example, intervals containing behaviors associated with little or no motion sometimes aligned with relatively high activity monitor values. These misalignments, due to errors associated with collar timekeeping mechanisms, would likely result in inaccurate classification models. We corrected timing errors by using defined breaks in animal behavior to shift times given by collar output, improving the average correct classification rate 61.7 percentage points for specific behaviors. Furthermore, timing errors were significantly reduced by increasing the GPS fix rate, by using a sampling interval divisible by 8 seconds, and by accurately timing the initial collar activation. Awareness and management of collar timing error will enable users to obtain the best possible estimates of true behavior when calibrating these collars and interpreting data from free-ranging animals.

scholarly journals Shearwaters know the direction and distance home but fail to encode intervening obstacles after free-ranging foraging trips

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (43) ◽  
pp. 21629-21633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Padget ◽  
Geoff Stanley ◽  
Jay K. Willis ◽  
Annette L. Fayet ◽  
Sarah Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Gps Tracks ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Manx Shearwater ◽  
Pelagic Seabird

While displacement experiments have been powerful for determining the sensory basis of homing navigation in birds, they have left unresolved important cognitive aspects of navigation such as what birds know about their location relative to home and the anticipated route. Here, we analyze the free-ranging Global Positioning System (GPS) tracks of a large sample (n = 707) of Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus, foraging trips to investigate, from a cognitive perspective, what a wild, pelagic seabird knows as it begins to home naturally. By exploiting a kind of natural experimental contrast (journeys with or without intervening obstacles) we first show that, at the start of homing, sometimes hundreds of kilometers from the colony, shearwaters are well oriented in the homeward direction, but often fail to encode intervening barriers over which they will not fly (islands or peninsulas), constrained to flying farther as a result. Second, shearwaters time their homing journeys, leaving earlier in the day when they have farther to go, and this ability to judge distance home also apparently ignores intervening obstacles. Thus, at the start of homing, shearwaters appear to be making navigational decisions using both geographic direction and distance to the goal. Since we find no decrease in orientation accuracy with trip length, duration, or tortuosity, path integration mechanisms cannot account for these findings. Instead, our results imply that a navigational mechanism used to direct natural large-scale movements in wild pelagic seabirds has map-like properties and is probably based on large-scale gradients.

scholarly journals GPS Telemetry Reveals a Zebra With Anthrax as Putative Cause of Death for Three Cheetahs in the Namib Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Portas ◽  
Ortwin H. K. Aschenborn ◽  
Joerg Melzheimer ◽  
Manie Le Roux ◽  
Kenneth Heinrich Uiseb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Gps Telemetry ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Free Ranging

Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that affects wildlife, livestock and also humans in different parts of the world. It is endemic in some parts of Africa, including Namibia, with species differing in their susceptibility to the disease. Carnivores are typically less susceptible to anthrax than herbivores. Most carnivore species survive infection and have high seroprevalence against anthrax, whereas most herbivore species have low seroprevalence and typically die quickly when infected. Several reports have shown that cheetahs, unlike most other large carnivores, are susceptible to anthrax leading to a sudden death. This finding was suggested to be linked to the low genetic variability of cheetahs which might reduce an adequate immune response and thus explain such a high susceptibility to the disease. Here, we report an incidence of three free-ranging cheetahs that died within 24 h after feeding on a mountain zebra that tested positive for anthrax in the Namib Desert. We were able to reconstruct this incidence with the data recorded in the GPS (Global Positioning System) collar worn by one of the cheetahs and retrieved in the field. It is very likely that the cheetahs died from anthrax, although Bacillus anthracis could not be isolated from tissue and soil samples by bacterial culturing. The mountain zebra is the first described case of a wild animal that tested positive for anthrax in this arid area in southwestern of Namibia. We discuss the negative laboratory results of the cheetahs in the light of new insights of their immune system and its potential to mount a response against this bacteria.

scholarly journals Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Movements and Behavior Around a Kill Site and Implications for GPS Collar Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. David Mech
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Kill Site ◽  
And Behavior

Global Positioning System (GPS) radio-collars are increasingly used to estimate Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) kill rates. In interpreting results from this technology, researchers make various assumptions about wolf behavior around kills, yet no detailed description of this behavior has been published. This article describes the behavior of six wolves in an area of constant daylight during 30 hours, from when the pack killed a Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) calf and yearling on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, to when they abandoned the kill remains. Although this is only a single incident, it demonstrates one possible scenario of pack behavior around a kill. Combined with the literature, this observation supports placing a radio-collar on the breeding male to maximize finding kills via GPS collars and qualifying results depending on whatever other information is available about the collared wolf’s pack.

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