scholarly journals Under cover of the night: context-dependency of anthropogenic disturbance on stress levels of wild roe deer Capreolus capreolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Carbillet ◽  
Benjamin Rey ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Nicolas Morellet ◽  
Nadège Bonnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Structures

Abstract Wildlife populations are increasingly exposed to human-induced modifications of their habitats. To cope with anthropogenic stressors, animals can adjust their behaviour—for example, by shifting their activity to more sheltered habitats, or becoming more nocturnal. However, whether use of spatial and temporal adjustments in behaviour may regulate the endocrine response is poorly documented. Here, we analyzed faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) of wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in a human-dominated agro-ecosystem. Using Global Positioning System monitoring of 116 individuals, we assessed their spatial behaviour and tested whether proximity to anthropogenic structures (linear distance to built-up areas) and the use of refuge habitats (woodland and hedges) influenced FCM levels. In accordance with our predictions, individuals ranging closer to anthropogenic structures during daytime had higher FCM levels, but this relationship was buffered as use of refuge habitat increased. In addition, this link between proximity to anthropogenic structures and FCM levels disappeared when we analyzed spatial behaviour at night. Finally, FCM levels were higher when the ambient temperature was lower, and during years of low resource availability. Our results demonstrate that the stress levels of large mammals may be strongly influenced by their proximity to anthropogenic activities, but that these effects may be buffered by behavioural adjustments in terms of space use and circadian rhythm. Whereas most studies have focused on the influence of environmental heterogeneity, our analysis highlights the need to also consider the fine-scale spatial response of individuals when studying the hormonal response of wild animals to human disturbance. We emphasize the potential to mitigate this hormonal stress response, and its potential negative consequences on population dynamics, through the preservation or restoration of patches of refuge habitat in close proximity to human infrastructure.

The gastro-intestinal helminths of wild ruminants in Britain: I. Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus capreolus

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Common

The specific composition of the parasitic helminth fauna of wild ruminants in Britain has not been examined for 30 years, and the series of surveys to be described were undertaken to provide data on this aspect of helminth epidemiology. With the increase in interest in conservation of wild stock, and especially ruminants, in recent years, information on the epidemiology of their helminth infections is an essential adjunct to any schemes for their protection and husbandry.The common roe deer, Capreolus capreolus capreolus, is distributed throughout Europe and Asia, the other subspecies, G. c. pygargus, the Siberian roe, G. c. bedfordi, the Manchurian roe, and C. c. melanotis, the Szechwan roe, being limited in range. It is indigenous to Britain, and over the centuries its populations have undergone great numerical fluctuations. Though at one time nearly extinct in England except in the counties on the Scottish marches it appears at present to be in a period of resurgence, and the range is extending from dense foci in the south and south-east to join the northern population. It has always been numerous in mainland Scotland and a few of the Western Isles, but is extinct in Wales and Ireland (Whitehead, 1964). The roe is the smallest of our indigenous deer and differs from the others in its breeding habits, not forming herds, but grouping as family units of buck, doe and offspring. On the mainland of Europe, however, herding does take place, and a limited migration has even been observed in Russian roe (Flerov, 1952). Its habitat is essentially woodland, but it grazes open areas to some extent and, not-withstanding its timid character, lives in close proximity to man in agricultural and even in urban areas.

Enamel Thickness Differs between Field and Forest European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jan Demesko ◽  
Marta Kurek ◽  
Patrycja Podlaszczuk ◽  
Janusz Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Enamel Thickness

scholarly journals The modular organization of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) body during ontogeny: the effects of sex and habitat

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milošević-Zlatanović ◽  
Tanja Vukov ◽  
Srđan Stamenković ◽  
Marija Jovanović ◽  
Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Modular Organization

scholarly journals Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks (Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Alberto Elmi ◽  
Nadia Govoni ◽  
Augusta Zannoni ◽  
Martina Bertocchi ◽  
Chiara Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Iwona Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Subsp. houtenae Associated with an Abscess in Young Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Adriana Trotta ◽  
Laura Del Sambro ◽  
Michela Galgano ◽  
Stefano Ciccarelli ◽  
Erika Ottone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Insight Into

Background: S. enterica subsp. houtenae has been rarely documented, and very limited genomic information is available. This report describes a rare case of primary extraintestinal salmonellosis in a young roe deer, associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Methods: A traditional cultural-based analysis was carried out from the contents of a neck abscess; biochemical identification and PCR assay were performed to isolate and identify the pathogen. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), and the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) survey, resistome and virulome genes were investigated to gain insight into the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. houtenae. Results: Biochemical identification and PCR confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp. in the swelling. The WGS analysis identified Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z23:- and ST 958. The virulence study predicted a multidrug resistance pattern with resistance shown against aminoglycosides, tetracycline, beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, nitroimidazole, aminocoumarin, and peptide. Fifty-three antibiotic-resistant genes were identified. No plasmids were detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of continuous surveillance of pathogenic salmonellae. Biomolecular analyses combined with epidemiological data can provide important information about poorly described Salmonella strains and can help to improve animal welfare.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a nitrite-free commercial preparation in the production of swine and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) salami

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Luca Grispoldi ◽  
Musafiri Karama ◽  
Paola Sechi ◽  
Maria Francesca Iulietto ◽  
Chrystalleni Hadjicharalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Commercial Preparation
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