scholarly journals Heat, health and hatchlings: associations of in situ nest temperatures with morphological and physiological characteristics of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings from Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey A Fleming ◽  
Justin R Perrault ◽  
Nicole I Stacy ◽  
Christina M Coppenrath ◽  
Alison M Gainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtle ◽  
Righting Response ◽  
In Situ Incubation ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Abstract Incubation temperatures, in addition to an embryo’s genetic makeup, are critical in many aspects of adequate sea turtle embryonic development. The effects of high and low incubation temperatures on hatchling quality have been previously examined; however, many of these studies were conducted on relocated or laboratory-reared nests, which do not accurately reflect natural nest temperature fluctuations. To observe the impacts of varying in situ incubation temperatures on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchling morphology, various health variables and locomotor performance, temperature data loggers were deployed in 15 loggerhead nests on Juno Beach, Florida, between May and July 2018. Over the course of the study period, 10 morphological traits were measured, blood analytes and heart rate were assessed for the establishment of reference intervals and the self-righting response in seawater was evaluated. Warmer months were associated with smaller body size and higher body condition index, larger umbilical scar size, slower righting time, lower heart rates and higher packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total solids, total white blood cell count, absolute heterophils and absolute basophils. These findings provide evidence that higher in situ incubation temperatures have the potential to adversely affect hatchlings from warmer nests due to increased risk of predation from smaller body sizes, decreased physical responses and overall fitness, altered hemodynamic balance (e.g. dehydration) and potential inflammation and/or stress. With rising temperatures, we predict sea turtle hatchlings may have increasing risks of developing suboptimal physiological features affecting overall fitness and ultimately survival. These results demonstrate that rising environmental temperatures can negatively impact sea turtle hatchlings, thus representing additional stress on sea turtle populations and contributing to our understanding of potential pathophysiological effects of climate change on the delicate life-stage class of the sea turtle hatchling. This information will be useful for formulating effective future sea turtle management plans.

Decoration behaviour in a spider crab, Acanthonyx scutiformis (Dana, 1851) in relation to life stage, sex and algal species

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 775-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. P. de Carvalho ◽  
R. de O. Rodrigues ◽  
R. E. Barreto ◽  
Tânia Marcia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk

In this study we evaluated the types of algae chosen for decorating by the spider crabAcanthonyx scutiformis(Dana, 1851) and determined whether decorating is more common in juvenile or adult crabs and in females or males (adult). In field observations we found that spider crabs in each age group or sex have an equal probability of being decorated. There were no differences in this behaviour between sexes in the laboratory. However, juvenile spider crabs engaged more in decoration behaviour than adult crabs in laboratory observations and decorated with the same algae that they used for decorating in nature. Thus, in conditions that represent an increased risk of predation, juvenile crabs have an increased need to attach algal fragments onto their carapaces, whereas the body size of adult spider crabs renders them less vulnerable to predators, thus reducing their need for decoration.

scholarly journals The geomagnetic environment in which sea turtle eggs incubate affects subsequent magnetic navigation behaviour of hatchlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1791) ◽  
pp. 20141218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Fuxjager ◽  
Kyla R. Davidoff ◽  
Lisa A. Mangiamele ◽  
Kenneth J. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtle ◽  
Orientation Behaviour ◽  
Migratory Route ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

Loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings ( Caretta caretta ) use regional magnetic fields as open-ocean navigational markers during trans-oceanic migrations. Little is known, however, about the ontogeny of this behaviour. As a first step towards investigating whether the magnetic environment in which hatchlings develop affects subsequent magnetic orientation behaviour, eggs deposited by nesting female loggerheads were permitted to develop in situ either in the natural ambient magnetic field or in a magnetic field distorted by magnets placed around the nest. In orientation experiments, hatchlings that developed in the normal ambient field oriented approximately south when exposed to a field that exists near the northern coast of Portugal, a direction consistent with their migratory route in the northeastern Atlantic. By contrast, hatchlings that developed in a distorted magnetic field had orientation indistinguishable from random when tested in the same north Portugal field. No differences existed between the two groups in orientation assays involving responses to orbital movements of waves or sea-finding, neither of which involves magnetic field perception. These findings, to our knowledge, demonstrate for the first time that the magnetic environment present during early development can influence the magnetic orientation behaviour of a neonatal migratory animal.

Aeromonas induced polyostotic osteomyelitis in a juvenile loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pace ◽  
L Meomartino ◽  
A Affuso ◽  
G Mennonna ◽  
S Hochscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtle

The population dynamics of bite-sized predators: prey dependence, territoriality, and mobility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Biological Barrier ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rodent Prey ◽  
Small Mustelids

The dependency of mustelid demographic rates on prey abundance has the potential to cause a strong coupling between predator-prey populations. Data on mustelid dynamics show that such strong reciprocal interactions only materialise in some restricted conditions. Bite-size mustelid predators searching for scarce, depleted prey expose themselves to increased risk of predation by larger predators of small mammal that are themselves searching for similar prey species. As voles or muskrats become scarcer, weasels and mink searching for prey over larger areas become increasingly exposed to intra-guild predation, unless they operate in a habitat refuge such as the sub-nivean space. Where larger predators are sufficiently abundant or exert year-round predation pressure on small mustelids, their impact on mustelids may impose biological barrier to dispersal that are sufficient to weaken the coupling between small mustelids and their rodent prey, and thus impose a degree of top down limitation on mustelids.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Rearing Seawater

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Chuen-Im ◽  
Korapan Sawetsuwannakun ◽  
Pimmnapar Neesanant ◽  
Nakarin Kitkumthorn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is a serious health problem for both humans and animals. Infection of these bacteria may result in therapy failure, leading to high mortality rates. During an early intervention program process, the Sea Turtle Conservation Center of Thailand (STCCT) has faced high mortality rates due to bacterial infection. Previously, investigation of juvenile turtle carcasses found etiological agents in tissue lesions. Further determination of sea water in the turtle holding tanks revealed a prevalence of these causative agents in water samples, implying association of bacterial isolates in rearing water and infection in captive turtles. In this study, we examined the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in seawater from the turtle holding tank for a management plan of juvenile turtles with bacterial infection. The examination was carried out in three periods: 2015 to 2016, 2018, and 2019. The highest isolate numbers were resistant to beta-lactam, whilst low aminoglycoside resistance rates were observed. No gentamicin-resistant isolate was detected. Seventy-nine isolates (71.17%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Consideration of resistant bacterial and antibiotic numbers over three sampling periods indicated increased risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to sea turtle health. Essentially, this study emphasizes the importance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial assessment in rearing seawater for sea turtle husbandry.

Fatigue: Has It Affected Your Compassion?

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Bobbi S. Greiner ◽  
Gail A. Poskey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Job Turnover ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractCompassion fatigue is a concept used to describe how various stressors affect individuals who work in health care and other caregiving professions. The results of compassion fatigue may include decreased work productivity, poor quality of care, safety concerns, job dissatisfaction, and job turnover. The NICU professionals are at an increased risk for experiencing compassion fatigue because of the nature of working with critically ill infants, their families, and the additional stress of the workplace. The purpose of this article is for the NICU professional to understand compassion fatigue, identify the risk factors, recognize the signs and symptoms, and offer strategies to implement within the NICU environment.

The effects of moonlight on nocturnal activity in bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Topping ◽  
John S Millar ◽  
James A Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Light Level ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neotoma Cinerea ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The nocturnal activity of bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) was monitored for two breeding seasons (1993 and 1994) in the Canadian Rockies. Radiotelemetry was used under three levels of moonlight to assess two measures of nocturnal activity: (i) the proportion of animals crossing rocky outcrops and entering the surrounding forest to forage, search for mates, or both, and (ii) the distance moved from the den site while in the forest. Males and females exhibited significant differences among moonlight levels, with greater activity on nights of intermediate-level moonlight and less activity on nights with bright or dark moonlight. There was no difference in the proportions of males and females active at any moonlight level. The distances moved from the den did not differ among moonlight levels for either males or females. Having traversed the rocks and entered the forest, individuals moved similar distances regardless of light level. These results suggest that wood rats respond to moonlight only when making the decision to cross rocks and enter the forest. This behaviour presumably serves to counteract the increased risk of predation on bright nights.

scholarly journals Increased risk of second malignancies after in situ breast carcinoma in a population-based registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Soerjomataram ◽  
W J Louwman ◽  
M J C van der Sangen ◽  
R M H Roumen ◽  
J W W Coebergh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Malignancies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Population Based Registry
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