International Expansion Selection Model by Machine Learning—A Proprietary Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Chi Hsieh ◽  
Der-Juinn Horng ◽  
Hong-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Resources And Capabilities

Abstract This study aims to explain a simple but crucial complex problem often faced by multinational enterprises: why multinational companies choose to enter the markets of certain countries. Accordingly, this study developed an international expansion selection model by using the machine learning method. The priority targets for enterprises’ international expansion and the strategic country groups for classification can be identified on the basis of ideas expressed in three primary business concepts, namely ‘market attractiveness’, ‘enterprise’ resources and capabilities’ and ‘customer-oriented approach’; the identified priority targets and strategic country groups are useful for multinational enterprises when designing different configurations for limited resources and can ultimately assist the business managers with making international business decisions. Models can elucidate the complexity behind enterprise decisions. By contrast, strategic grouping based on simple rules can aid the managers to make instantaneous decisions and respond according to the changing market. This study constructed an exclusive strategic model based on the international expansion strategy selection modes adopted by a leading Taiwan enterprise in electronics industry and the unique characteristics possessed by this enterprise.

To wait or not to wait: pacing international expansion in China for best results

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Joy Jiang ◽  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Ravi Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Top Managers

Purpose How to enter and expand in a newly emerged foreign market is less understood. Should multinational enterprises move fast or slowly? In this study, the authors take China as the context to investigate what factors will lead to a fast expansion strategy in a foreign market. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether fast expansion benefits firms’ performance in a rapidly emerging market. Design/methodology/approach Based on insights from field interviews, the authors developed a theoretical framework. Then, the authors collected data from surveys of managers of multinational enterprises from Western countries to test their hypothesis. This research context is based on the experience of multinational enterprises in China which opened up to foreign direct investment in 1979. Findings This study shows that internally, strategic long-term investment goals, top management team commitment and externally switching costs and the growth in the demand market which will push firms to expand fast in the newly emerged China market. Faster pace of expansion benefits the performance of multinational enterprises in a newly emerged market. Originality/value Based on the onsite interviews followed by the survey of top managers of multinational enterprises located in China, this study provides a fine-grained analysis of the importance of pace and its key antecedents. Thus, the results provide new insights to decision-makers of multinational enterprises when considering expanding in an emerging market at its early stages of growth.

scholarly journals National Income Inequality and International Business Expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1630-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel C. Lupton ◽  
Guoliang Frank Jiang ◽  
Luis F. Escobar ◽  
Alfredo Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
National Income ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Foreign Production ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Security Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Monitoring

We examine the extent to which host country income inequality influences multinational enterprises’ (MNE) expansion strategy for foreign production investment, depending on their specific strategic objectives. Applying a transaction cost framework, we predict that national income inequality has an inverted U-shaped relationship with foreign production investment. As inequality increases, MNEs accrue lower transaction costs arising from interactions with various local actors, leading to higher probability of investment. As income inequality increases further, its effect on location attractiveness will become negative, as its attraction effect is increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining, and security costs owing to the more fractious nature of high inequality societies. In addition, we suggest that the impact of income inequality is contingent on investment objectives: The inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger for efficiency-seeking investment but weaker for market-seeking and competence-enhancing investments. We find substantial support for our hypotheses through an analysis of 27 years (1986-2012) of data on Japanese MNEs’ overseas production entries.

scholarly journals Effective strategies followed by multinational enterprises expanding into Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihné Coetzee ◽  
Henri Bezuidenhout ◽  
Gabriel Mhonyera
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Partnerships ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: Retail sector multinational enterprises (MNEs) face challenges and follow diverse strategies when they expand into foreign markets.Research purpose: The major aim of this article is to determine how three well-established retail sector MNEs, namely, Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite, addressed the challenges they faced and structured their market entry strategies in the African continent.Motivation for the study: While the opportunities in Africa are perpetual, breaking into the African market is not so straightforward. It is in this regard that the importance of determining the challenges faced by established retail MNEs in Africa and the valuable lessons that can be drawn by small and upcoming MNEs, from the experiences of these prominent MNEs studied, is exposed.Research approach/design and method: This article employs a mixed-method approach (i.e. case study and semi-structured interviews) to determine the challenges faced by Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite when they expanded into Africa, and how they overcame those challenges.Main findings: The findings reveal that Walmart and Shoprite possess a substantial footprint in sub-Saharan Africa, while Carrefour enjoys a substantial footprint in North Africa and Francophone Countries of west Africa. Furthermore, Walmart follows a risk-averse approach when expanding into the African continent and only expands into new foreign markets based on the market potential and the ability to succeed. Carrefour’s main strategy is to achieve international expansion into Africa through the acquisition of international partnerships with local and regional firms. Shoprite, on the other hand, maintains that no written strategy was followed when the retail MNE expanded into Africa. It is also evident that external factors are significant for MNEs seeking to invest in Africa.Practical/managerial implications: Not all MNEs expanding into Africa have been successful. Accordingly, the practical value of this article rests upon the lessons that small and upcoming MNEs can learn from the experiences of MNEs that are now well established in African markets.Contribution/value-add: This article contributes to existing foreign direct investment (FDI) literature by identifying challenges that Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite faced when they expanded into Africa. In addition, lessons that aspiring and small MNEs, specifically in the retail sector, can learn from these three retail MNEs that are now well established in African markets are drawn.

Internationalisation Strategies of Latvia Entrepreneurs

2015 ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Arnis Sauka ◽  
Laima Auza
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
International Market ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Born Globals ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Internationalisation Strategies ◽  
Develop Strategy

By exploring the entrepreneurial patterns of ‘born globals', this chapter aims to explore the international market entry modes as well as develop recommendations for an international expansion strategy for companies attempting to enter global markets. Empirically chapter draws on the four case studies of born globals that originates from Latvia. The companies are: Stenders- manufacturer of natural bath and cosmetics; Munio Candela- handcrafted candle manufacturer; Primekss - industrial flooring manufacturer; and manufacturer of premium jeans wear Trousers London. We explore the international pathways of these companies focusing on general characteristics of these firms, target market and foreign entry modes selection. Finding of this study might be relevant both to companies that are on their way to develop strategy for international expansion as well as policy makers in order to make informed decision on investments to support international orientation of local SMEs.

Machine Learning Techniques for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Deepti Rani ◽  
Anju Sangwan ◽  
Anupma Sangwan ◽  
Tajinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Primary Focus

With the enormous growth of sensor networks, information seeking from such networks has become an invaluable source of knowledge for various organizations to enhance the comprehension of people interests. Not only wireless sensor networks (WSNs) but its various classes also remain the hot topics of research. In this chapter, the primary focus is to understand the concept of sensor network in underwater scenario. Various mechanisms are used to recognize the activities underwater using sensor which examines the real-time events. With these features, a few challenges are also associated with sensor networks, which are addressed here. Machine learning (ML) techniques are the perfect key of success to resolve such issues due to their feasibility and adaption in complex problem environment. Therefore, various ML techniques have been explained to enhance the operational performance of WSNs, especially in underwater WSNs (UWSNs). The main objective of this chapter is to understand the concepts of UWSNs and role of ML to address the performance issues of UWSNs.

International expansion for knowledge acquisition or knowledge acquisition for international expansion?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Secches Kogut ◽  
Renato Dourado Cotta de Mello ◽  
Angela da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Multinational Firm ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Catch Up

Purpose Starting from the knowledge-based view as a theoretical perspective, this study aims to examine how an emerging market multinational enterprise (EMMNE) engages in reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) processes and how such processes are managed by headquarters. Therefore, this paper captures the perspective of top management concerning RKT and the processes used to create, transfer and integrate knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a longitudinal design based on the case method of investigation. The case selected for the study was a Brazilian company theoretically sampled for being a domestically, regionally and globally important, information-rich company that operates in an industry in which technology plays a crucial role. The company was also selected for having had asset-seeking motives in at least some of its foreign market entries and for having successfully absorbed foreign-acquired capabilities. Findings The study provides counterfactual evidence to the springboard perspective, considering timing and speed of the internationalization and catch-up processes and the size of acquisitions. The study also highlights differences to other emerging market multinational enterprises, concerning the internationalization trajectory and catch-up moves, and to traditional MNEs, regarding RKT challenges and practices. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of the study relate to the case study method, which does not allow for statistical generalization, although it does support analytical generalization. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the process by which a Latin American multinational firm developed technological capabilities to compete globally, focusing on the symbiotic, self-nurturing relationship between internationalization processes and technology acquisition and integration processes. Moreover, the work provides novel theoretical insights regarding timing, location, size and execution of the RKT activities. Finally, the paper contributes to the understanding of the relational aspects of the RKT process by focusing on building human relationships as the major force behind knowledge integration and examining the resistance of the acquired companies from developed markets to adopt the parent company’s best practices, or to contribute to its integrated knowledge, when the parent company is an EMMNE.

Integrating an automated SCADA system with well management: a successful approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Melodi Kaya ◽  
Brandon McCowan ◽  
Remzi Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Software Platforms

A well-designed SCADA system finds the middle ground between effectively using the latest advances in technology and drawing on the experience of well operators in optimising production from individual wells. Well management methodologies developed and adopted across time by the field operators can be overlooked in the process of designing a SCADA system as the control philosophy of the system is built on a rudimentary understanding of the operation and often does not allow for the subtle nuances that are part of a well operator's daily interaction with a well. One main challenge in designing a system is to capture the art of well optimisation. It is also important that an effective automated SCADA system meets the needs of other relevant stakeholders in the organisation, such as reservoir engineers, supervisors and business managers. This holistic approach to the design ensures that the data set gathered, which most business decisions will be based on, is uniform across all areas of the company. This extended abstract describes the experience of integrating an automated SCADA system while incorporating successful well management methodologies for leading Australian CSG operators. It outlines the systematic approach to understanding all aspects of well operation and optimisation, using that information to select hardware and software platforms and then implementing and using the system.

Strategic Knowledge Creation in Multinational Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-132
Author(s):  
Lars Håkanson ◽  
Philip Kappen ◽  
Ivo Zander
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Strategic Knowledge ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
The Way

Unique knowledge and proprietary innovations are key to the competitive advantages on which most multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expected to base their initial international expansion. Moreover, their subsequent fortunes and survival typically depend on MNEs’ continued ability to upgrade and renew these advantages, as competition, imitation, and environmental change erode the value of existing ones. This chapter reviews key literatures around the nature, management, and effects of knowledge creation in MNEs. The chapter centers on the processes through which geographical patterns of international R&D have evolved, along with the structures, systems, and procedures through which MNEs have sought to govern and coordinate these activities. Finally, the chapter offers a summary and critique of the way that much of the inherited literature has portrayed and interpreted the strategic knowledge creation process in MNEs.

scholarly journals Proposing Enhanced Feature Engineering and a Selection Model for Machine Learning Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uddin ◽  
Jeongkyu Lee ◽  
Syed Rizvi ◽  
Samir Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Feature Engineering
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