scholarly journals Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Carriazo ◽  
Mehmet Kanbay ◽  
Alberto Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract COVID-19 is a global pandemic fuelled in some countries by government actions. The current issue of Clinical Kidney Journal presents 15 articles on COVID-19 and kidney disease from three continents, providing a global perspective of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on electrolytes and different kidney compartments (glomeruli, tubules and vascular compartments) and presenting clinically as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy, among others, in the context of a brand-new cardiorenal syndrome. Kidney injury may need acute dialysis that may overwhelm haemodialysis (HD) and haemofiltration capabilities. In this regard, acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be lifesaving. Additionally, pre-existent chronic kidney disease increases the risk of more severe COVID-19 complications. The impact of COVID-19 on PD and HD patients is also discussed, with emphasis on preventive measures. Finally, current therapeutic approaches and potential future therapeutic approaches undergoing clinical trials, such as complement targeting by eculizumab, are also presented.

Renal C3 Production Drives Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Kidney Disease in Diabetics with Sepsis

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1737-P
Author(s):  
LYNN M. FRYDRYCH ◽  
GUOWU BIAN ◽  
PETER A. WARD ◽  
MARKUS BITZER ◽  
MATTHEW DELANO
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease—A Risky Combination for Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4140
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Anna Tomaszuk-Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Kurasz ◽  
Małgorzata Zalewska-Adamiec ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Kidney Impairment

Atrial fibrillation (AF) symptoms may mimic coronary artery disease (CAD) which reflects the difficulties in qualifying AF patients for invasive diagnostics. A substantial number of coronary angiographies may be unnecessary or even put patients at risk of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), especially patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to investigate the hypothesis indicating higher prevalence of PC-AKI in patients with AF scheduled for coronary angiography. The study population comprised of 8026 patients referred for elective coronarography including 1621 with AF. In the comparison of prevalence of PC-AKI in distinguished groups we can see that kidney impairment was twice more frequent in patients with AF in both groups with CKD (CKD (+)/AF (+) 6.24% vs. CKD (+)/AF (−) 3.04%) and without CKD (CKD (−)/AF (+) 2.32% vs. CKD (−)/AF (−) 1.22%). In our study, post-contrast acute kidney disease is twice more frequent in patients with AF, especially in subgroup with chronic kidney disease scheduled for coronary angiography. Additionally, having in mind results of previous studies stating that AF is associated with non-obstructive coronary lesions on angiography, patients with AF and CKD may be unnecessarily exposed to contrast agent and possible complications.

scholarly journals Autophagy Function and Regulation in Kidney Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gur P. Kaushal ◽  
Kiran Chandrashekar ◽  
Luis A. Juncos ◽  
Sudhir V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regulated Necrosis ◽  
Atg Genes ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Impact

Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal autophagy in the kidney acts as a quality control system and is vital for cellular metabolic and organelle homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, autophagy facilitates cellular adaptation; however, activation of autophagy in response to renal injury may be insufficient to provide protection, especially under dysregulated conditions. Kidney-specific deletion of Atg genes in mice has consistently demonstrated worsened acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes supporting the notion of a pro-survival role of autophagy. Recent studies have also begun to unfold the role of autophagy in progressive renal disease and subsequent fibrosis. Autophagy also influences tubular cell death in renal injury. In this review, we reported the current understanding of autophagy regulation and its role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. In particular, the classic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway and other mTOR-independent alternative signaling pathways of autophagy regulation were described. Finally, we summarized the impact of autophagy activation on different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, associated with the pathophysiology of renal injury. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy would identify important targets for therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of acute kidney disease. potential application in practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Schelkanovtseva ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina S. Schelkanovtseva ◽  
Olga Iu. Mironova ◽  
Viktor V. Fomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome. Its variety of presentation explains the absence of “kidney troponin”. Many research projects of new biomarkers are ongoing now. The enormous number of biomarkers has been identified already. It makes difficult to choose the correct test and dictates the importance of the fastest and most accurate introduction of AKI biomarkers into clinical practice. The integration of appropriately selected biomarkers in routine clinical practice for high-risk patients of AKI is very important. Currently, serum creatinine (sCr) and urine output are used to define AKI in accordance with the definition of KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes), which have a number of significant limitations for practitioners, including the inability to diagnose AKI before serum creatinine levels increase. Practitioners need systematic information about the latest AKI markers and possible situations, when and for which patient groups they can be used. This is the main goal of our review. Keywords: acute kidney injury, biomarkers, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, cystatin C, markers, injury, kidney stress For citation: Schelkanovtseva ES, Mironova OIu, Fomin VV. Biomarkers of acute kidney disease. Potential application in practice. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (1): 15–19. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.1.200729

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Disease and Mortality in Acute Kidney Injury Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4599
Author(s):  
Filipe Marques ◽  
Joana Gameiro ◽  
João Oliveira ◽  
José Agapito Fonseca ◽  
Inês Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Stage 1

Background: The incidence of AKI in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is variable and has been associated with worse prognosis. A significant number of patients develop persistent kidney damage defined as Acute Kidney Disease (AKD). There is a lack of evidence on the real impact of AKD on COVID-19 patients. We aim to identify risk factors for the development of AKD and its impact on mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients with AKI admitted at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte between March and August of 2020. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification was used to define AKI. AKD was defined by presenting at least KDIGO Stage 1 criteria for >7 days after an AKI initiating event. Results: In 339 COVID-19 patients with AKI, 25.7% patients developed AKD (n = 87). The mean age was 71.7 ± 17.0 years, baseline SCr was 1.03 ± 0.44 mg/dL, and the majority of patients were classified as KDIGO stage 3 AKI (54.3%). The in-hospital mortality was 18.0% (n = 61). Presence of hypertension (p = 0.006), CKD (p < 0.001), lower hemoglobin (p = 0.034) and lower CRP (p = 0.004) at the hospital admission and nephrotoxin exposure (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for the development of AKD. Older age (p = 0.003), higher serum ferritin at admission (p = 0.008) and development of AKD (p = 0.029) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19-AKI patients. Conclusions: AKD was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in this population of COVID-19-AKI patients. Considering the significant risk of mortality in AKI patients, it is of paramount importance to identify the subset of higher risk patients.

Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusions in Patients With vs Without Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Azzalini ◽  
Soledad Ojeda ◽  
Ozan M. Demir ◽  
Joseph Dens ◽  
Masaki Tanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Total Occlusions ◽  
The Impact

THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN ON THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS POTENTIAL TREATMENT USING VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS IN THE FIELD OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Hung-Ting Liu ◽  
Li-Ting Chen ◽  
Tsai-Fan Chuang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
Hao-Hsiang Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

Vasopressin (VP) is a nine-amino-acid antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released by hypothalamus and acts on various organs via three distinct G protein-coupled receptors, V1aR, V2R, V1bR (V3R). Large-scale retrospective study carried out in human patients indicated positive correlation between serum VP level and kidney disease severity. Currently, VP receptor antagonists are used to treat hyponatremia, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), heart failure, cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in human patients; however, in the field of veterinary medicine, although the prevalence for chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases (up to 50%) along the age of companion animals, the treatment options for CKD cats and dogs are limited at this moment. In this article, we review information on the beneficial effects of VP receptor antagonists on the treatment of CKD and to provide supporting evidence for their potential applications in the field of veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease that experience acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dana Y. Fuhrman ◽  
Lan Nguyen ◽  
Emily L. Joyce ◽  
Priyanka Priyanka ◽  
John A. Kellum
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease

Abstract Background: Young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) are increasing in number with an increased risk for acute kidney injury. Little is known concerning the impact of non-recovery of kidney function for these patients. Therefore, we sought to explore the rates of acute kidney disease, persistent renal dysfunction, and their associations with adverse outcomes in young adults with CHD. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective study including all patients at the ages of 18–40 with CHD who were admitted to an intensive care unit between 2010 and 2014. Patients with a creatinine ≥ 1.5 times the baseline at the time of hospital discharge were deemed to have persistent renal dysfunction, while acute kidney disease was defined as a creatinine ≥ 1.5 times the baseline 7–28 days after a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Outcomes of death at 5 years and length of hospital stay were examined using multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression, respectively. Results: Of the (89/195) 45.6% of patients with acute kidney injury, 33.7% had persistent renal dysfunction and 23.6% met the criteria for acute kidney disease. Persistent renal dysfunction [odds ratio (OR), 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–9.29] and acute kidney disease (OR: 11.79; 95% CI: 3.75–39.09) were independently associated with mortality at 5 years. Persistent renal dysfunction was associated with a longer duration of hospital stay (Incidence Rate Ratio: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.51). Conclusions: In young adults with CHD, acute kidney injury was common and persistent renal dysfunction, as well as acute kidney disease, were associated with increased mortality and length of hospitalisation.

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