scholarly journals Evolution of Protease Inhibitor Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy as Second-line Therapy in Low-income Countries: An Observational Analysis Within the EARNEST Randomized Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Thompson ◽  
Cissy Kityo ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
Anne Hoppe ◽  
Emmanuel Ndashimye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance

scholarly journals Estimate of the Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor Resistance within Unselected Virus Populations In Vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Tucker ◽  
Thomas R. Stiebel ◽  
Karen E. Potts ◽  
Mary L. Smidt ◽  
Martin L. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Resistant Variant ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The frequency of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants in virus populations not previously exposed to drug was determined in vitro by using HIV-1RF and the protease inhibitor SC-55389A. Two variants with single mutations responsible for drug resistance (V82A and N88S) were quantifiably isolated after only one round of replication, yielding a crude frequency estimate of at least 1 SC-55389A-resistant variant per 3.5 × 105wild-type infectious units.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2098134
Author(s):  
Goutham Rao ◽  
Elizabeth T. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Diabetes In Youth ◽  
New Onset

The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the United States rose at an annual rate of 4.8% between 2002-2003 and 2014-2015. Type 2 diabetes progresses more aggressively to complications than type 1 diabetes. For example, in one large epidemiological study, proliferative retinopathy affected 5.6% and 9.1% of children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Screening begins at age 10 or at onset of puberty, and is recommended among children with a BMI% ≥85 with risk factors such as a family history and belonging to a high risk racial or ethnic or racial group. HbA1C% is preferred for screening as it does not require fasting. As distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is not straightforward, all children with new onset disease should undergo autoantibody testing. Results of lifestyle interventions for control of type 2 diabetes have been disappointing, but are still recommended for their educational value and the potential impact upon some participants. There is limited evidence for the benefit of newer mediations. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, however, has been shown to significantly reduce HbA1C% in one study and is now approved for children. Liraglutide should be considered as second line therapy.

Increased Rate of Protease Inhibitor-resistance Associated Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Infecting Mexicans who had Been Living Abroad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Larrea-Schiavon ◽  
Celia Hubert ◽  
René Leyva-Flores ◽  
Jacqueline M. Sánchez-Domínguez ◽  
Juan Pablo Ramírez-Hinojosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Protease Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document