scholarly journals High Risk of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Following Splenectomy in Papua, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kho ◽  
Benediktus Andries ◽  
Jeanne R Poespoprodjo ◽  
Robert J Commons ◽  
Putu A I Shanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Endemic Areas

In Papua, splenectomized individuals have greater risk of malaria in the 12 months following splenectomy but not of mortality. Malaria risk was higher for Plasmodium vivax than P. falciparum. Early radical cure and prophylaxis are warranted in malaria endemic areas.

scholarly journals Protective effect of Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against Plasmodium vivax malaria

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam R Awab ◽  
Fahima Aaram ◽  
Natsuda Jamornthanyawat ◽  
Kanokon Suwannasin ◽  
Watcharee Pagornrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. The severe Mediterranean variant (G6PD Med) found across Europe and Asia is thought to confer protection against malaria, but its effect is unclear. We fitted a Bayesian statistical model to observed G6PD Med allele frequencies in 999 Pashtun patients presenting with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria and 1408 population controls. G6PD Med was associated with reductions in symptomatic P. vivax malaria incidence of 76% (95% credible interval [CI], 58–88) in hemizygous males and homozygous females combined and 55% (95% CI, 38–68) in heterozygous females. Unless there is very large population stratification within the Pashtun (confounding these results), the G6PD Med genotype confers a very large and gene-dose proportional protective effect against acute vivax malaria. The proportion of patients with vivax malaria at risk of haemolysis following 8-aminoquinoline radical cure is substantially overestimated by studies measuring G6PD deficiency prevalence in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Short-Course Primaquine Regimens for the Treatment and Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee ◽  
Nicholas J. White ◽  
Kesinee Chotivanich ◽  
Nicholas P. J. Day ◽  
Mallika Imwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

scholarly journals Neonatal Plasmodium vivax malaria: an overlooked entity

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Gandhi ◽  
Kirti Garg ◽  
Neelam Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Neonatal Disease ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Endemic Areas

Although malaria is endemic in India, neonatal disease is considered rare. We report a case of neonatal malaria in a 26-day-old neonate with fever and splenomegaly who was diagnosed after a long and unsuccessful battery of tests for splenomegaly. Routine screening for malaria is essential for all neonates with fever in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria could effectively prevent infant mortality.

scholarly journals Towards the elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria: Implementing the radical cure

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e1003494
Author(s):  
Kamala Thriemer ◽  
Benedikt Ley ◽  
Lorenz von Seidlein
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

scholarly journals Hypnozoite dynamics for Plasmodium vivax malaria: the epidemiological effects of radical cure

2022 ◽  
pp. 111014
Author(s):  
Somya Mehra ◽  
Eva Stadler ◽  
David Khoury ◽  
James M. McCaw ◽  
Jennifer A. Flegg
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Epidemiological Effects

scholarly journals Determinants of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine exposures in children and adults with Plasmodium vivax malaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S Chu ◽  
James Andrew Watson ◽  
Aung Pyae Phyo ◽  
Htun Htun Win ◽  
Widi Yotyingaphiram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cyp 2D6

Background: Primaquine is the only widely available drug for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. There is uncertainty whether the pharmacokinetic properties of primaquine are altered significantly in childhood or not. Methods: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase normal patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria were randomized to receive either chloroquine (25mg base/kg) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dihydroartemisinin 7mg/kg and piperaquine 55mg/kg) plus primaquine; plus either 0.5 mg base/kg/day for 14 days or 1 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Pre-dose day 7 venous plasma concentrations of chloroquine, desethylchloroquine, piperaquine, primaquine and carboxyprimaquine were measured. Methemoglobin levels were measured on days 1, 4, 7. Results: Day 7 primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations were available for 641 patients. After adjustment for the primaquine mg/kg daily dose, day of sampling, partner drug, and fever clearance, there was a significant non-linear relationship between age and trough primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations, and day methemoglobin levels. Compared to adults 30 years of age, children 5 years of age had trough primaquine concentrations 0.55 (95% CI: 0.39- 0.78) fold lower, trough carboxyprimaquine concentrations 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34- 0.55) fold lower, and day 7 methemoglobin levels 0.87 (95% CI: 0.58-1.27) fold lower. Increasing concentrations of piperaquine and chloroquine and poor metabolizer CYP 2D6 alleles were also associated with higher day 7 primaquine and carboxyprimaquine concentrations. Increased methemoglobin concentrations were associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Young children have lower primaquine and carboxyprimaquine exposures, and lower levels of methemoglobinemia, than adults. Young children may need higher weight adjusted primaquine doses than adults.

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