scholarly journals A Review of the Economic Evidence of Typhoid Fever and Typhoid Vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S83-S95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Luthra ◽  
E Watts ◽  
F Debellut ◽  
C Pecenka ◽  
N Bar-Zeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

scholarly journals New generation typhoid vaccines: An effective preventive strategy to control typhoid fever in developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Mohan Bairwa ◽  
Suraj Chawla ◽  
Shankar Prinja ◽  
Meena Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Effective Preventive Strategy

scholarly journals Why Is Eradicating Typhoid Fever So Challenging: Implications for Vaccine and Therapeutic Design

Vaccines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-An Yang ◽  
Alexander Chong ◽  
Jeongmin Song
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines ◽  
Do So

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi, namely typhoidal Salmonellae, are the cause of (para) typhoid fever, which is a devastating systemic infectious disease in humans. In addition, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi in many low and middle-income countries poses a significant risk to human health. While currently available typhoid vaccines and therapeutics are efficacious, they have some limitations. One important limitation is the lack of controlling individuals who chronically carry S. Typhi. However, due to the strict host specificity of S. Typhi to humans, S. Typhi research is hampered. As a result, our understanding of S. Typhi pathogenesis is incomplete, thereby delaying the development and improvement of prevention and treatment strategies. Nonetheless, to better combat and contain S. Typhi, it is vital to develop a vaccine and therapy for controlling both acutely and chronically infected individuals. This review discusses how scientists are trying to combat typhoid fever, why it is so challenging to do so, which approaches show promise, and what we know about the pathogenesis of S. Typhi chronic infection.

scholarly journals Review on the Recent Advances on Typhoid Vaccine Development and Challenges Ahead

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S141-S150
Author(s):  
Khalid Ali Syed ◽  
Tarun Saluja ◽  
Heeyoun Cho ◽  
Amber Hsiao ◽  
Hanif Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines ◽  
And Control

Abstract Control of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi), the agent of typhoid fever, continues to be a challenge in many low- and middle-income countries. The major transmission route of S. typhi is fecal-oral, through contaminated food and water; thus, the ultimate measures for typhoid fever prevention and control include the provision of safe water, improved sanitation, and hygiene. Considering the increasing evidence of the global burden of typhoid, particularly among young children, and the long-term horizon for sustained, effective water and sanitation improvements in low-income settings, a growing consensus is to emphasize preventive vaccination. This review provides an overview of the licensed typhoid vaccines and vaccine candidates under development, and the challenges ahead for introduction.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID FEVER

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Gaines ◽  
Maurice Landy ◽  
Geoffrey Edsall ◽  
Adrian D. Mandel ◽  
R.-J. Trapani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines ◽  
Vi Antigen

A study was made of the efficacy of various antityphoid immunizing agents in immunizing chimpanzees against typhoid fever produced by feeding viable S. typhosa. It was found that both acetone-killed and heat-killed, phenol-preserved typhoid vaccines were effective in protecting against infection induced with either homologous or heterologous strains of typhoid bacilli. Purified O antigen induced no discernible protection, but some immunity was afforded by the administration of purified Vi antigen.

scholarly journals THE USE OF TYPHOID VACCINES IN TYPHOID FEVER

JAMA ◽  
1910 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
JAMES M. ANDERS
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

scholarly journals Typhoid vaccines. Historical aspects of typhoid vaccine development, and currently available products

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
M. V. Abramtseva ◽  
E. O. Nemanova ◽  
N. S. Alekhina ◽  
T. I. Nemirovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), which is still extremely common in endemic low- and middle-income countries of Asia and Africa. Industrialised countries may also be affected by typhoid fever outbreaks due to booming international tourism, and natural disasters. Given S. Typhi progressive resistance to antibiotics, high epidemiological burden, and lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene in a number of regions, the introduction of new treatment protocols and the improvement of preventive vaccination are critical tasks in global healthcare. The aim of the study was to highlight the main historical aspects of the typhoid vaccine development, to summarise data on the licensed vaccines and promising approaches to the development of new typhoid vaccines. The paper describes the current epidemiological situation of typhoid fever globally and in the Russian Federation. It dwells upon the global experience in typhoid vaccine development from the production of an inactivated vaccine to the development of conjugated vaccines. The paper summarises data on Russian and foreign-made typhoid fever vaccines currently available in the global pharmaceutical market. It outlines the main trends in the development of vaccines against the disease caused by S. Typhi. The paper demonstrates the need for improving the efficacy of existing vaccines and development of new typhoid combination vaccines.

scholarly journals Why Are Typhoid Vaccines Not Recommended for Epidemic Typhoid Fever?

1999 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Taylor ◽  
Myron M. Levine ◽  
Lianne Kuppens ◽  
Bernard Ivanoff
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

THE VALUE OF TYPHOID VACCINES IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER

1915 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-419
Author(s):  
E. B. KRUMBHAAR ◽  
RUSSELL RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

Typhoid vaccines - which one to choose?

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

Until recently immunisation against typhoid fever could only be provided by parenteral vaccine of heat-killed, phenol-preserved Salmonella typhi organisms (Typhoid/Vac – Evans). Two doses of this ‘whole cell’ vaccine, 4–6 weeks apart, give up to 80% protection for around 3 years, but local and systemic reactions are common, especially if the second dose or booster doses are given subcutaneously or intramuscularly rather than intradermally. Prescribers now have two more vaccines to choose from – one parenteral, one oral. Both are marketed with claims that they are better tolerated than the old vaccine. Do they have advantages?

scholarly journals Characterization of Anti-Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Antibody Responses in Bacteremic Bangladeshi Patients by an Immunoaffinity Proteomics-Based Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richelle C. Charles ◽  
Alaullah Sheikh ◽  
Bryan Krastins ◽  
Jason B. Harris ◽  
M. Saruar Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Typhoid Vaccines

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever and a human-restricted pathogen. Currently available typhoid vaccines provide 50 to 90% protection for 2 to 5 years, and available practical diagnostic assays to identify individuals with typhoid fever lack sensitivity and/or specificity. Identifying immunogenic S. Typhi antigens expressed during human infection could lead to improved diagnostic assays and vaccines. Here we describe a platform immunoaffinity proteomics-based technology (IPT) that involves the use of columns charged with IgG, IgM, or IgA antibody fractions recovered from humans bacteremic with S. Typhi to capture S. Typhi proteins that were subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. This screening tool identifies immunogenic proteins recognized by antibodies from infected hosts. Using this technology and the plasma of patients with S. Typhi bacteremia in Bangladesh, we identified 57 proteins of S. Typhi, including proteins known to be immunogenic (PagC, HlyE, OmpA, and GroEL) and a number of proteins present in the human-restricted serotypes S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A but rarely found in broader-host-range Salmonella spp. (HlyE, CdtB, PltA, and STY1364). We categorized identified proteins into a number of major groupings, including those involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, iron homeostasis, and biosynthetic and metabolic functions and those predicted to localize to the outer membrane. We assessed systemic and mucosal anti-HlyE responses in S. Typhi-infected patients and detected anti-HlyE responses at the time of clinical presentation in patients but not in controls. These findings could assist in the development of improved diagnostic assays.

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