scholarly journals Is Placental Malaria a Long-term Risk Factor for Mild Malaria Attack in Infancy? Revisiting a Paradigm

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bouaziz ◽  
David Courtin ◽  
Gilles Cottrell ◽  
Jacqueline Milet ◽  
Gregory Nuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Mild Malaria ◽  
Malaria Attack

scholarly journals Shades between Black and Green Investment: Balance or Imbalance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5024
Author(s):  
 Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel ◽  
María Mar Miralles-Quirós ◽  
José Luis Miralles-Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Bounds Test

This paper analyses the links established between environmental indices and the oil price adopting a double perspective, long-term and short-term relationships. For that purpose, we employ the Bounds Test and bivariate conditional heteroscedasticity models. In the long run, the pattern of behaviour of environmental indices clearly differed from that of the oil prices, and it was not possible to identify cointegrating vectors. In the short-term, it was possible to conclude that, in contemporaneous terms, the variables studied tended to follow similar paths. When the lag of the oil price variable was considered, the impacts produced on the stock market sectors were partially of a negative nature, which allows us to suppose that this variable plays the role of a risk factor for environmental investment.

Long-term effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) after acute myocardial infarction – the IPP Follow-up and Prevention Boost Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wienbergen ◽  
A Fach ◽  
S Meyer ◽  
J Schmucker ◽  
R Osteresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background The effects of an intensive prevention program (IPP) for 12 months following 3-week rehabilitation after myocardial infarction (MI) have been proven by the randomized IPP trial. The present study investigates if the effects of IPP persist one year after termination of the program and if a reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) is effective. Methods In the IPP trial patients were recruited during hospitalization for acute MI and randomly assigned to IPP versus usual care (UC) one month after discharge (after 3-week rehabilitation). IPP was coordinated by non-physician prevention assistants and included intensive group education sessions, telephone calls, telemetric and clinical control of risk factors. Primary study endpoint was the IPP Prevention Score, a sum score evaluating six major risk factors. The score ranges from 0 to 15 points, with a score of 15 points indicating best risk factor control. In the present study the effects of IPP were investigated after 24 months – one year after termination of the program. Thereafter, patients of the IPP study arm with at least one insufficiently controlled risk factor were randomly assigned to a 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) vs. no reintervention. Results At long-term follow-up after 24 months, 129 patients of the IPP study arm were compared to 136 patients of the UC study arm. IPP was associated with a significantly better risk factor control compared to UC at 24 months (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points in the IPP group vs. 9.4±2.3 points in the UC group, p<0.01). However, in the IPP group a decrease of risk factor control was observed at the 24-months visit compared to the 12-months visit at the end of the prevention program (IPP Prevention Score 10.9±2.3 points at 24 months vs. 11.6±2.2 points at 12 months, p<0.05, Figure 1). A 2-months reintervention (“prevention boost”) was effective to improve risk factor control during long-term course: IPP Prevention Score increased from 10.5±2.1 points to 10.7±1.9 points in the reintervention group, while it decreased from 10.5±2.1 points to 9.7±2.1 points in the group without reintervention (p<0.05 between the groups, Figure 1). Conclusions IPP was associated with a better risk factor control compared to UC during 24 months; however, a deterioration of risk factors after termination of IPP suggests that even a 12-months prevention program is not long enough. The effects of a short reintervention after >24 months (“prevention boost”) indicate the need for prevention concepts that are based on repetitive personal contacts during long-term course after coronary events. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Stiftung Bremer Herzen (Bremen Heart Foundation)

Atrial Fibrillation and Mortality in the Oldest Old after Surgery for Hip Fractures

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amit Frenkel ◽  
Vladimir Zeldetz ◽  
Roni Gat ◽  
Yair Binyamin ◽  
Asaf Acker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
One Year

Introduction: One-year mortality following hip fractures increases steeply with age, from 2% in the 60- to 69-year-old population up to 28% in the oldest old (older than 90 years). Of the various factors that contribute to hip fractures, atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor at any age. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association of AF with mortality among the oldest old with hip fractures. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study of 701 persons above age 90 years who underwent orthopedic repair for a hip fracture during 2000–2018. Of them, 218 (31%) had AF at hospital admission. The primary outcome was survival following surgery. We compared patient characteristics and 30-day, 180-day, 1-year, and 3-year survival between patients with and without AF. Results: The adjusted odds ratio for 30-day postoperative mortality for those with AF versus without AF group was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–1.66). Survival estimates were higher among those without AF than with AF at 180 days postoperative: 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.89) versus 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.74), p < 0.001; at 1 year postoperative: 0.68 (95% CI 0.63–0.72) versus 0.48 (95% CI 0.42–0.55), p < 0.001; and at 3 years postoperative: 0.47 (95% CI 0.42–0.52) versus 0.28 (95% CI 0.27–0.34), p < 0.001. Conclusions: Among individuals aged >90 years, operated for hip fractures, mortality was similar for those with and without AF at 30 days postoperative. However, the survival curves diverged sharply after 180 days. Our findings suggest that AF is not an immediate surgical risk factor, but rather confers increased long-term risk in this population.

Mo2035 Acute Salmonella Gastroenteritis Occurring Early in Life but Not in Adulthood Is a Risk Factor for Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) in the Long Term

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Cremon ◽  
Francesca Pallotti ◽  
Antonio M. Morselli-Labate ◽  
Alexandro Paccapelo ◽  
Lara Bellacosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Post Infectious

scholarly journals Intensive Multiagent Therapy, Including Dose-Compressed Cycles of Ifosfamide/Etoposide and Vincristine/Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide, Irinotecan, and Radiation, in Patients With High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Weigel ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
William H. Meyer ◽  
David M. Parham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Purpose Patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), except those younger than 10 years with embryonal RMS, have an estimated long-term event-free survival (EFS) of less than 20%. The main goal of this study was to improve outcome of patients with metastatic RMS by dose intensification with interval compression, use of the most active agents determined in phase II window studies, and use of irinotecan as a radiation sensitizer. Patients and Methods Patients with metastatic RMS received 54 weeks of therapy: blocks of therapy with vincristine/irinotecan (weeks 1 to 6, 20 to 25, and 47 to 52), interval compression with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide alternating with etoposide/ifosfamide (weeks 7 to 19 and 26 to 34), and vincristine/dactinomycin/cyclophosphamide (weeks 38 to 46). Radiation therapy occurred at weeks 20 to 25 (primary) but was also permitted at weeks 1 to 6 (for intracranial or paraspinal extension) and weeks 47 to 52 (for extensive metastatic sites). Results One hundred nine eligible patients were enrolled, with a median follow-up of surviving patients of 3.8 years (3-year EFS for all patients, 38% [95% CI, 29% to 48%]; survival, 56% [95% CI, 46% to 66%]). Patients with one or no Oberlin risk factor (age > 10 years or < 1 year, unfavorable primary site of disease, ≥ three metastatic sites, and bone or bone marrow involvement) had a 3-year EFS of 69% (95% CI, 52% to 82%); high-risk patients with two or more risk factors had a 3-year EFS of 20% (95% CI, 11% to 30%). Toxicity was similar to that on prior RMS studies. Conclusion Patients with metastatic RMS with one or no Oberlin risk factor had an improved 3-year EFS of 69% on ARST0431 compared with an historical cohort from pooled European and US studies; those with two or more risk factors have a dismal prognosis, and new approaches are needed for this very-high-risk group.

Pneumonectomy for Treatment of Destroyed Lung: A Retrospective Study of 137 Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (07) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Li ◽  
Gening Jiang ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Xuefei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Bronchopleural Fistula ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Destroyed Lung

Objectives Whether pneumonectomy is needed for the treatment of destroyed lungs is still controversial and unresolved in the clinic. Pneumonectomy is destructive and is associated with a significant incidence of postoperative complications. The purpose of this study is to analyze the operative techniques, postoperative morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcomes of patients with destroyed lungs who underwent pneumonectomy. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 137 patients with destroyed lungs who underwent pneumonectomy. The data were queried for the details of operative technique, development of perioperative complications, mortality, and long-term survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors of pneumonectomy among the patients. Results A total of 77 male and 60 female patients were reviewed. The youngest patient was 18 years, and the oldest was 75 years, with a mean age of 40.1 years. Postoperative complications were observed in 25 patients (18.2%). The rate of bronchopleural fistula (BPF) was 5.1% (7/137). Two perioperative deaths (1.5%) were noted. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated the blood loss (hazard ratio [HR], 5.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–18.50; p = 0.021) was the independent risk factor of postoperative complications, and the type of the disease (HR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.19–9.69; p = 0.034) was the independent risk factor of the BPF, for the patients with destroyed lung after pneumonectomy. Conclusion Pneumonectomy for destroyed lung is a high risk for postoperative complications. Our findings suggested that pneumonectomy in destroyed lung was satisfactory with strict surgical indications, adequate preoperative preparation, and careful operative technique, and the long-term outcomes can be especially satisfactory. Pneumonectomy for destroyed lung is still a treatment option.

Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability Increases Risks of Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Jia ◽  
Helen W.Y. Lee ◽  
Joyce Y.C. Chan ◽  
Karen K.L. Yiu ◽  
Kelvin K.F. Tsoi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Meta Regression

High blood pressure (BP) is considered as an important risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. BP variability (BPV) may contribute to cognitive function decline or even dementia regardless of BP level. This study aims to investigate whether BPV is an independent predictor for cognitive impairment or dementia. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science to May 2021. Longitudinal studies that assessed the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment with BPV as the predictor was included. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to evaluate the effect of BPV on the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. A total of 5919 papers were identified, and 16 longitudinal studies were included, which had >7 million participants and a median age from 50.9 to 79.9 years and a median follow-up of around 4 years. Thirteen studies reported visit-to-visit BPV and concluded that systolic BPV increases the risk of dementia with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05–1.17), and increases the risk of cognitive impairment with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.06–1.15). Visit-to-visit diastolic BPV also increased the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. A meta-regression revealed a linear relationship between higher BPV and risks of dementia and cognitive impairment. Similar findings were observed in the studies with day-to-day BPV. This study suggests that long-term BPV is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment or dementia, so an intervention plan for reducing BPV can be a target for early prevention of dementia.

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