scholarly journals Estradiol Levels Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Pregnant Women Randomized to Efavirenz-Versus Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe R McDonald ◽  
Andrea L Conroy ◽  
Joel L Gamble ◽  
Eszter Papp ◽  
Michael Hawkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Estradiol Levels

scholarly journals Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Medina-Marino ◽  
Maanda Mudau ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Remco PH Peters ◽  
Ute D Feucht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The objective of this study is to assess the predictors and frequency of persistent sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women treated for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection. We enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit and tested them for urogenital CT, NG and TV infection using Xpert® CT/NG and TV assays (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Those testing positive were treated. Participants either notified partners to seek treatment or were given extra medication to deliver to partners for treatment. Repeat testing was conducted approximately 21 days post-treatment or treatment initiation. Among 427 participants, 172 (40.3%) tested positive for any STI. Of the 136 (79.1%) that returned for repeat testing, 36 (26.5%) tested positive for the same organism: CT = 27 (26.5%), NG = 1 (6.3%), TV = 11 (16.7%). Persistent CT positivity was independently associated with having more than one sex partner in the preceding 12 months (adjusted-prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.44–6.37) and being newly diagnosed with HIV infection during the first antenatal care visit compared to those currently on antiretroviral therapy (aPR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.09–14.43). Persistent TV positivity was associated with not knowing if a partner sought treatment following STI disclosure (aPR = 12.6, 95% CI: 2.16–73.5) and prior diagnosis of HIV but not currently on antiretroviral therapy. (aPR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.25–13.79). We identified a high proportion of HIV-infected pregnant women with persistent CT or TV positivity after treatment. To decrease the risk of re-infection, enhanced strategies for partner treatment programmes are needed to improve the effectiveness of STI screening and treatment in pregnancy. The relationship between not being on antiretroviral therapy and persistent STI positivity needs further study.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV−) Infected Pregnant Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S662-S663
Author(s):  
Danielle Tate ◽  
Fernand Samson ◽  
Mary Christiansen ◽  
Lindsay Meyers ◽  
Kitty Cashion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Safety and Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnant Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy: An Observational Study Using Linked Population Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. e351-e358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kalk ◽  
Alexa Heekes ◽  
Ushma Mehta ◽  
Renee de Waal ◽  
Nisha Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is widely used to protect against tuberculosis (TB) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Data on the safety and efficacy of IPT in pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV) are mixed. We used an individual-level, population-wide health database to examine associations between antenatal IPT exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal TB, all-cause mortality, and liver injury during pregnancy through 12 months postpartum. Methods We used linked routine electronic health data generated in the public sector of the Western Cape, South Africa, to define a cohort of PWLHIV on antiretroviral therapy. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed using logistic regression; for maternal outcomes we applied a proportional hazards model with time-updated IPT exposure. Results Of 43 971 PWLHIV, 16.6% received IPT. Women who received IPT were less likely to experience poor pregnancy outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .78–.87]); this association strengthened with IPT started after the first trimester compared with none (aOR, 0.71 [95% CI, .65–.79]) or with first-trimester exposure (aOR, 0.64 [95% CI, .55–.75]). IPT reduced the risk of TB by approximately 30% (aHR, 0.71 [95% CI, .63–.81]; absolute risk difference, 1518/100 000 women). The effect was modified by CD4 cell count with protection conferred if CD4 count was ≤350 cells/μL (aHR, 0.51 [95% CI, .41–.63]) vs 0.93 [95% CI, .76–1.13] for CD4 count >350 cells/µL). Conclusions This analysis of programmatic data is reassuring regarding the safety of antenatal IPT, with the greatest benefits against TB disease observed in women with CD4 count ≤350 cells/μL.

COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN

2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Elena Visconti ◽  
Lucia Pastore Celentano ◽  
Enrica Tamburrini ◽  
Paola Villa ◽  
Giancarlo Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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