scholarly journals Primary Prophylaxis for Cryptococcosis With Fluconazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients With CD4 T-Cell Counts <100 Cells/µL and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnuek Sungkanuparph ◽  
Chutchaiwat Savetamornkul ◽  
Warisara Pattanapongpaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Recurrence and Occurrence of Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and on Antiretroviral Therapy, Despite Suppressed HIV Viremia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Palich ◽  
Marianne Veyri ◽  
Marc-Antoine Valantin ◽  
Anne-Geneviève Marcelin ◽  
Amélie Guihot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract In 21 cutaneous and/or visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma cases, occurring in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were on antiretroviral therapy with suppressed HIV viremia and high CD4 T cell counts, the efficacy of conventional chemotherapies was limited due to cumulative toxicities, comedications, and a lack of immune improvement.

scholarly journals Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children: Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Blazevic ◽  
Shirley Jankelevich ◽  
Seth M. Steinberg ◽  
Freda Jacobsen ◽  
Robert Yarchoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on restoration of cellular immunity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children over a 24-week period following initiation of HAART with ritonavir, nevirapine, and stavudine. The immunological parameters evaluated at four time points (at enrollment and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy) included cytokine production by monocytes as well as T-cell proliferation in response to mitogen, alloantigen, and recall antigens including HIV type 1 envelope peptides. Circulating levels of interleukin-16 (IL-16) were measured, in addition to CD4+ T-cell counts, plasma HIV RNA levels, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. At enrollment the children exhibited defects in several immune parameters measured. Therapy increased CD4+ T-cell counts and decreased viral loads significantly. By contrast, the only immunological parameter that was significantly increased was IL-12 p70 production by monocytes; the DTH response to Candida albicans also showed a strong increase in patients becoming positive. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HAART in HIV-infected children affects the dynamics of HIV replication and the CD4+ T-cell count over 24 weeks, similar to the pattern seen in HIV-infected adults. Furthermore, these data indicate improvement in antigen-presenting cell immunological function in HIV-infected children induced by HAART.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Accelerated Epigenetic Aging and Methylation Disruptions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Before Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xi Yang ◽  
Emma Schon ◽  
Ma’en Obeidat ◽  
Michael S Kobor ◽  
Lisa McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Whether accelerated aging develops over the course of chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or can be observed before significant immunosuppression on is unknown. We studied DNA methylation in blood to estimate cellular aging in persons living with HIV (PLWH) before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods A total of 378 ART-naive PLWH who had CD4 T-cell counts &gt;500/µL and were enrolled in the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy trial (Pulmonary Substudy) were compared with 34 HIV-negative controls. DNA methylation was performed using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in PLWH compared with controls were identified using a robust linear model. Methylation age was calculated using a previously described epigenetic clock. Results There were a total of 56 639 DMPs and 6103 DMRs at a false discovery rate of &lt;0.1. The top 5 DMPs corresponded to genes NLRC5, VRK2, B2M, and GPR6 and were highly enriched for cancer-related pathways. PLWH had significantly higher methylation age than HIV-negative controls (P = .001), with black race, low CD4 and high CD8 T-cell counts, and duration of HIV being risk factors for age acceleration. Conclusions PLWH before the initiation of ART and with preserved immune status show evidence of advanced methylation aging.

scholarly journals CD4 Stabilization Tubes Provide Improved Accuracy of Absolute CD4 T-Cell Counts Compared to Standard K3 EDTA Tubes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunologic Monitoring in Resource-Poor Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Shott ◽  
Boaz Iga ◽  
Fredrick Makumbi ◽  
Charles Luswata ◽  
Charles Kagulire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Immunologic Monitoring ◽  
Improved Accuracy

ABSTRACT CD4 stabilization tubes have the ability to ensure internal quality control in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) monitoring laboratory by maintaining accurate absolute CD4 T-cell counts for up to 6 days. Here, we assessed this technology for its use in an HIV clinical monitoring laboratory in a resource-poor setting in rural Uganda.

scholarly journals Continued Elevation of Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Failure in a Diverse Multicountry Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Balagopal ◽  
Nikhil Gupte ◽  
Rupak Shivakoti ◽  
Andrea L. Cox ◽  
Wei-Teng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background.  We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods.  We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) to 96. Controls were randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured pre-ART and at ART24 in plasma. Continued elevation was defined by thresholds set by highest pre-ART quartiles (&gt;Q3). Incident risk ratios (IRRs) for clinical progression were estimated by Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, treatment, country, time-updated CD4+ T-cell count, HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA), and prevalent tuberculosis. Results.  Among 99 cases and 234 controls, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 181 cells/µL, and HIV RNA was 5.05 log10 cp/mL. Clinical failure was independently associated with continued elevations of IL-18 (IRR, 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–7.20), sCD14 (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02–4.62), and IFN-γ (IRR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.61). Among 276 of 333 (83%) who were virologically suppressed at ART24, IFN-γ was associated with protection from failure, but the association with sCD14 was attenuated. Conclusions.  Continued IL-18 and sCD14 elevations were associated with clinical ART failure. Interferon-γ levels may reflect preserved immune function.

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