scholarly journals Are People Living Near Modern Swine Production Facilities at Increased Risk of Influenza Virus Infection?

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lantos ◽  
Kate Hoffman ◽  
Michael Höhle ◽  
Benjamin Anderson ◽  
Gregory C. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Production Facilities

scholarly journals High Risk of Influenza Virus Infection Among Swine Workers: Examining a Dynamic Cohort in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Borkenhagen ◽  
Guo-Lin Wang ◽  
Ryan A Simmons ◽  
Zhen-Qiang Bi ◽  
Bing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Swine Workers

Abstract Background China is thought to be a hotspot for zoonotic influenza virus emergence, yet there have been few prospective studies examining the occupational risks of such infections. Methods We present the first 2 years of data collected from a 5-year, prospective, cohort study of swine-exposed and -unexposed participants at 6 swine farms in China. We conducted serological and virological surveillance to examine evidence for swine influenza A virus infection in humans. Results Of the 658 participants (521 swine-exposed and 137 swine-unexposed), 207 (31.5%) seroconverted against at least 1 swine influenza virus subtype (swine H1N1 or H3N2). Swine-exposed participants’ microneutralization titers, especially those enrolled at confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), were higher against the swine H1N1 virus than were other participants at 12 and 24 months. Despite elevated titers, among the 187 study subjects for whom we had complete follow-up, participants working at swine CAFOs had significantly greater odds of seroconverting against both the swine H1N1 (odds ratio [OR] 19.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.55–358.65) and swine H3N2 (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.16–8.01) viruses, compared to unexposed and non-CAFO swine workers with less intense swine exposure. Conclusions While some of the observed increased risk against swine viruses may have been explained by exposure to human influenza strains, study data suggest that even with elevated preexisting antibodies, swine-exposed workers were at high risk of infection with enzootic swine influenza A viruses.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Differentially Modifies the Outcomes of Sterile vs Viral Pulmonary Inflammation in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Sato ◽  
Tatsunori Shimizu ◽  
Hiroki Fujita ◽  
Yumiko Imai ◽  
Daniel J Drucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Experimental Influenza

Abstract A number of disease states, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infection. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used to treat T2D and exert anti-inflammatory actions through a single, well-defined GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Although highly expressed in the lung, little is known about the role of the GLP-1R in the context of pulmonary inflammation. Here we examined the consequences of gain or loss of GLP-1R activity in infectious and noninfectious lung inflammation. We studied wild-type mice treated with a GLP-1R agonist, and Glp1r–/– mice, in the setting of bleomycin-induced noninfectious lung injury and influenza virus infection. Loss of the GLP-1R attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury, whereas activation of GLP-1R signaling increased pulmonary inflammation via the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, GLP-1R agonism reduced the pathogen load in mice with experimental influenza virus infection in association with increased expression of intracellular interferon-inducible GTPases. Notably, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improved the survival rate after influenza virus infection. Our results reveal context-dependent roles for the GLP-1 system in the response to lung injury. Notably, the therapeutic response of GLP-1R agonism in the setting of experimental influenza virus infection may have relevance for ongoing studies of GLP-1R agonism in people with T2D susceptible to viral lung injury.

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