scholarly journals Circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Argimón ◽  
Geetha Nagaraj ◽  
Varun Shamanna ◽  
Sravani Darmavaram ◽  
Ashwini Kodlipet Vasanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Genetic Context

Abstract We report the persistent circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, linked to the acquisition and maintenance of a previously characterized IncX3 plasmid carrying the ESBL gene blaSHV-12 and the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrB7 in the genetic context of a triple mutant also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Argimon ◽  
Geetha Nagaraj ◽  
Varun Shamanna ◽  
Sarvani Darmavaram ◽  
Ashwini Kodlipet Vasanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Genetic Context

We report the persistent circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, linked to the acquisition and maintenance of a previously characterized IncX3 plasmid carrying the ESBL gene blaSHV-12 and the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrB7 in the genetic context of a triple mutant also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolone in Salmonella typhi and Some Molecular Characteristics of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Indigenous Isolates

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed M Mahmud ◽  
M Nuruddin Mahmud ◽  
M Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Gyrase A ◽  
Strip Test

Typhoid fever and Salmonella typhi bacteremia among the patients were evaluated at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Popular Diagnostic Center, Kumudiny Hospital and other sites throughout Bangladesh. Among the 943 Salmonella typhi isolates studied, 57.4% showed resistance to ampicillin (MIC > 256 mg/ml), 58 % to cotrimoxazole (MIC > 32 mg/ ml) and 58.6% to chloramphenicol (MIC > 256 mg/ml). Significant resistance (97.8%) was observed against first generation quinolone, nalidixic acid (MIC > 256 mg/ml) whereas only 11 isolates (1.1%) were resistant to second generation fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. Among 943 isolates E-strip test of 411 isolates for ciprofloxacin showed that 53 isolates were very sensitive (MIC < 0.125 mg/ml), 252 were sensitive (MIC between 0.125 mg/ ml and 0.5 mg/ ml), 95 were moderately sensitive (MIC between 0.5 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml) and the rest were resistant (MIC >2.0 ìg/ml) or very highly resistant (MIC 512 mg/ml). However, all isolates including ciprofloxacin resistant S. typhi were found sensitive to a third generation cephalosporin ceftazidime. All the isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin were found to be identical by API 20 E (Analytical Profile Index) score (4404552) and VNTR typing. Digestion of PCR product (195 bp gyrase A) of ciprofloxacin resistant strain with Hind l did not make any change, compared to the undigested product of the same strains in the electrophoresis banding pattern, indicating the presence of mutations at both the ser-83 and asp-87 sites of the genome Gyr A. In contrast, the PCR product from nalidixic acid susceptible control strain cleaved at both sites, ser-83 and asp-87. Key words: VNTR; Antibiotic resistance; Quinolone; Salmonella DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i2.9169 BJM 2010; 27(2): 38-41

scholarly journals Salmonella Typhi Infections and Effect of Fluroquinolones and Third Generation Cephalosporins in Clinical Outcome

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Singh ◽  
AK Neopane ◽  
M Thapa ◽  
N Aryal ◽  
K Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Enteric fever is a common public health problem in Nepal. The emerging fluoroquinolone resistance to Salmonella typhi is a major concern in every hospital and is a public health problem these days. Continuous antibiotic susceptibility patterns surveillance and standard treatment policies need to be established to control MDR typhoid. Objective: To detect the increasing pattern of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella typhi and to correlate its clinical response to third generation cephalosporins. Materials and Method: This is a cross- sectional prospective study conducted in the pediatric ward of Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, from September 2009 to August 2010. Forty seven children aged between 3-14 years with the diagnosis of suspected, probable and confirmed cases of Enteric fever were enrolled in the study. Data was collected and statistical analysis was done using SPSS program. Result: Culture positive enteric fever was found in 21 cases (44.68%) and positive Widal test in 18 (38.29%). Among the culture positive cases, antibiotic sensitivity was highest for Ofloxacin (95.23%), followed by third generation Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefixime) (90.47%). A significant number of isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid (71.42%). All cases were successfully treated with parenteral antibiotics followed by oral third generation cephalosporins without any complications and/or mortality. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend to fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella typhi. Third generation cephalosporin can be the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.of clinically suspected cases of Enteric fever and to minimize the risk of increasing emergence of MDR enteric fever including Nalidixic acid resistant Typhoid.(NARST). Key words: Cephalosporin; drug resistance; Enteric fever; Fluoroquinolone; Salmonella typhi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.5361 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2011;31(3): 216-221

scholarly journals Detection of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes via Novel Multiplex qPCR in Fecal Salmonella Isolates From Northern Californian Dairy Cattle, 2002–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Basbas ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Edlin D. Escobar ◽  
Emir Hodzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Qpcr

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, AmpC-type β-lactamase (ACBL) genes, and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Salmonella isolated at a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital microbiology laboratory, examine trends in presence of these resistance genes, and to explore the correlation between phenotypic resistance and presence of specific genes. The presence of ESBL, ACBL, and PMQR genes were detected using a single, novel multiplex qPCR. Only the genes blaCMY–2 and blaTEM were detected in the 110 Salmonella isolates tested. PMQR genes were not detected in isolates screened. Of 94 third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates, representing eight serotypes, 48% (n = 45) were positive for blaCMY–2 only and 50% (n = 47) were simultaneously positive for blaCMY–2 and blaTEM. Two third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were tested negative for all β-lactamase genes in our qPCR assay and likely house ESBL genes not screened for by our qPCR assay. A logistic regression model revealed that for serotype Dublin isolates (n = 38) the odds ratio for testing positive for blaTEM when compared to all other serotypes was 51.6 (95% CI: 4.01–664.03, p = 0.0029). For serotype Typhimurium (n = 9) the odds ratio for testing positive for blaTEM when compared to all other serotypes was 43.3 (95% CI: 1.76–1000, p = 0.0216). Overall, our results suggest that the prevalence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones due to ESBLs, ACBLs, and PMQR genes present in bovine nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates has remained relatively constant in the isolates screened over a 14-year period.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Ceftibuten-Copper(II) Complex and Prediction of Its Biological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Shuchismita Dey ◽  
Md. Zakir Sultan ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Ceftibuten dihydrate, one of the third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic is effectively used in curing several infectious diseases. The complexation of drug with metal may enhance the antibacterial activity. In this work, a new complex of ceftibuten dihydrate with Cu(II) was synthesized, characterized and antibacterial activity is reported. The in vitro test showed that the antibacterial activity of complex of ceftibuten was greatly enhanced against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals High admission prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in German university hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Rohde ◽  
Miriam Wiese-Posselt ◽  
Janine Zweigner ◽  
Frank Schwab ◽  
Alexander Mischnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Admission Prevalence

scholarly journals Ceftolozane-tazobactam versus meropenem for definitive treatment of bloodstream infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales (“MERINO-3”): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label randomised non-inferiority trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Stewart ◽  
Patrick N. A. Harris ◽  
Mark D. Chatfield ◽  
Roberta Littleford ◽  
David L. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Abstract Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales are common causes of bloodstream infection. ESBL-producing bacteria are typically resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and result in a sizeable economic and public health burden. AmpC-producing Enterobacterales may develop third-generation cephalosporin resistance through enzyme hyper-expression. In no observational study has the outcome of treatment of these infections been surpassed by carbapenems. Widespread use of carbapenems may drive the development of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Methods This study will use a multicentre, parallel group open-label non-inferiority trial design comparing ceftolozane-tazobactam and meropenem in adult patients with bloodstream infection caused by ESBL or AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. Trial recruitment will occur in up to 40 sites in six countries (Australia, Singapore, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon). The sample size is determined by a predefined quantity of ceftolozane-tazobactam to be supplied by Merck, Sharpe and Dohme (MSD). We anticipate that a trial with 600 patients contributing to the primary outcome analysis would have 80% power to declare non-inferiority with a 5% non-inferiority margin, assuming a 30-day mortality of 5% in both randomised groups. Once randomised, definitive treatment will be for a minimum of 5 days and a maximum of 14 days with the total duration determined by treating clinicians. Data describing demographic information, risk factors, concomitant antibiotics, illness scores, microbiology, multidrug-resistant organism screening, discharge and mortality will be collected. Discussion Participants will have bloodstream infection due to third-generation cephalosporin non-susceptible E. coli and Klebsiella spp. or Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp. or Serratia marcescens. They will be randomised 1:1 to ceftolozane-tazobactam 3 g versus meropenem 1 g, both every 8 h. Secondary outcomes will be a comparison of 14-day all-cause mortality, clinical and microbiological success at day 5, functional bacteraemia score, microbiological relapse, new bloodstream infection, length of hospital stay, serious adverse events, C. difficile infection, multidrug-resistant organism colonisation. The estimated trial completion date is December 2024. Trial registration The MERINO-3 trial is registered under the US National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov register, reference number: NCT04238390. Registered on 23 January 2020.

Acute gastroenteritis due to Blastocystis hominis in an adolescent boy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e237810
Author(s):  
Ramesh Bhat Yellanthoor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Persistent Vomiting ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
High Degree

Acute gastroenteritis with persistent vomiting, high degree fever and blood streaking stools often suggests bacterial aetiology in children. Authors report a 13-year-old boy presenting with acute watery diarrhoea with persistent vomiting, fever of 103°F, abdominal cramps and blood streaking stools who failed to show any response to parenteral third-generation cephalosporin for 72 hours. The stool examination revealed numerous cystic and amoeboid forms of Blastocystis hominis. Metronidazole was started and the boy promptly responded within 24 hours. There was no recurrence of symptoms then onwards. The case highlights the crucial stool examination in case of acute diarrhoeal disease for rare aetiology.

First countrywide survey of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers, swine, and cattle in Switzerland

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Endimiani ◽  
Alexandra Rossano ◽  
Daniel Kunz ◽  
Gudrun Overesch ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation
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