scholarly journals Does Public Sector Outsourcing Decrease Public Employment? Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Potrafke
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
The Public

Abstract I examine the extent to which public sector outsourcing relates to public employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. I use new panel data on public sector outsourcing. The sample includes 26 countries over the period 2009–2015. Contrary to common expectations, the results do not suggest that public sector outsourcing expenditure was negatively related to public employment in the full sample. The relation between public sector outsourcing and public employment, however, does vary across countries. If anything, the growth in public sector outsourcing in period t − 1 was positively correlated with the growth in public employment in period t. When public sector outsourcing gives rise to regrouping public employees but not reducing public employment, outsourcing may even increase inefficiencies in the public sector. (JEL codes: L33, J45, P16, C23).

Wagner’s Law, Public Employment, and Spanish Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Manuel Jaén-García
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Unit Roots ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Following Peacock and Musgrave’s rediscovery of Wagner’s Law, the latter became a standard tool used in research on the relationship between growth of public spending and the factors by which it is influenced. However, conventional empirical tests are based on a specification error related to Wagner’s definition of the public sector, which he considered in its totality, including public companies. The present article attempts to correct this error and obtain an approximation to the size of the public sector by considering public employment as a whole, both in public administrations and services and in public companies. To this end, panel data for the Spanish autonomous regions are used in addition to data for the overall public sector. The empirical test is performed utilizing cointegration techniques and unit roots in panel data. Similarly, the possibility of structural breaks in the data is taken into consideration and they are estimated using fictitious variables. JEL classifications: H11; H50; E62 Keywords: public employment; gross domestic product; unit root; cointegration; panel data

Wage Differentials in Malaysia: Public Employment, Gender, and Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Naohiro Ogawa ◽  
Norma Mansor ◽  
Shigeyuki Abe ◽  
Mohd Uzir Mahidin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Annual Earnings

Abstract The study examines the earnings differentials between the public and private sector in the Malaysian economy in terms of the moderations of the gender and ethnic wage differences in the public sector. The study uses the annual earnings from the Salaries and Wages Survey for 2011 and 2016. The key findings are that public employees are paid higher wages compared with private sector employees and the overall gender and ethnic wage differentials have declined in recent years. We also find that both gender and ethnic wage differentials are much smaller in the public sector.

Fiscal sustainability under entitlement spending

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Cerniglia ◽  
Enzo Dia ◽  
Andrew Hughes Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Stability

Abstract We develop a simple theoretical framework that can be used not only to assess the stability of debt, but also to evaluate the sustainability of the commitments of the public sector in the presence of entitlement spending. We model the optimal intertemporal path of fiscal variables and the optimal policy responses in this environment, which requires a dynamic framework. Our analysis suggests that even with near-zero interest rates the stability of debt is not guaranteed and that the sustainability of public finances depends on the level of taxes and the persistence of expenditure, as much as on the level of debt. We estimate the model with panel data techniques, finding that our modelling strategy is supported by the empirical evidence and we use calibrated versions of our model to compare different countries.

scholarly journals El custionable amparo de la jurisdicción social al clientelismo y la arbitrariedad en el acceso al empleo en las sociedades públicas.

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-129
Author(s):  
Jorge FONDEVILA ANTOLÍN
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
The Supreme Court

Laburpena: Auzitegi Gorenaren (Lan Arloko Sala) 2019ko urtarrilaren 24ko 1067/2019 Epaiaren oinarri juridikoetan ageri diren hutsuneak eta hutsaltasunak aztertzen ditu lan honek. Izan ere, epai horren arabera, ez dago zertan Espainiako Konstituzioan eta Enplegatu Publikoaren Oinarrizko Estatutuan aurreikusitakoa bete, sozietate publikoetan enplegua eskuratzeko konstituzio-bermeari eta -kontrolari dagokienez. Horrek atzerapauso handia eragiten du berme juridikoetan, eta bide ematen die klientelismoari eta arbitrariotasunari. Resumen: Este trabajo examina las inconsistencias y deficiencias de la fundamentación jurídica del Auto 1067/2019, de 24 de enero de 2019 del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Social), cuyo contenido supone una quiebra a la configuración de un empleo público profesional y objetivo, en un ámbito tan importante con el Sector público del conjunto de las administraciones públicas, que tiene una gran importancia en términos económicos y de número de efectivos personales en el conjunto de los servicios públicos. Así, al amparo del citado Auto, se declara la exención de sometimiento a las previsiones de la Constitución Española y del Estatuto Básico del empleado público con relación al control y garantías constitucionales en el acceso al empleo en las sociedades públicas, lo que supone un claro retroceso en las garantías jurídicas y una apertura al clientelismo y arbitrariedad, en detrimento de los derechos de los ciudadanos al acceso al empleo público, en condiciones de igualdad, mérito y capacidad. Abstract: This paper examines the inconsistencies and deficiencies of the legal basis of Order 1067/2019, of January 24, 2019 of the Supreme Court (Social Chamber), whose content implies a breakdown of the configuration of a professional and objective public employment, in such an important area with the public sector of all public administrations, which is of great importance in economic terms and given the number of staff in all public services. Thus, under the aforementioned Order, the exemption from subjection to the provisions of the Spanish Constitution and the Basic Statute of public employees is declared in relation to the control and constitutional guarantees in the access to employment in public societies, which is a clear setback in legal guarantees and an openness to clientelism and arbitrariness, to the detriment of the rights of citizens to access public employment, under conditions of equality, merit and capacity.

Council House Sales and Residualization

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Williams ◽  
J. Sewel ◽  
F. Twine
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Right To Buy ◽  
Council House

ABSTRACTIt has been argued that council house sales will contribute towards a more general process of residualization of public sector housing. Empirical evidence is presented in this context derived from surveys of purchasers and non-purchasers of council dwellings in the city of Aberdeen. This evidence confirms that purchasers and non-purchasers exhibit different socio-economic characteristics and after only four years of the Right to Buy legislation significant numbers of households in social classes I, II and III have left the public sector via the mechanism of sales. The small number of sales relative to the stock as a whole, however, has meant that the overall contribution of sales towards residualization has been small. This evidence from Aberdeen is compared to evidence from elsewhere and related to the varying pattern of sales across the country as a whole.

scholarly journals The DEA Method and its Application Possibilities for Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector—The Case of Local Public Employment Services

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Monika Dędys ◽  
Maria Ekes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Unemployed

Public Employment Services (PES) are identified as important institutions in the process of improving the match between supply and demand in the labor market, which, despite their importance, still do not achieve the desired efficiency. The indicated problem is partly due to the lack of appropriate evaluation methods for the applied labor market policy instruments. This paper aims to verify the possibility of using the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in measuring the efficiency of public sector entities. The authors focused on 39 PES operating in Mazovia province, Poland in 2019. In the first stage, the model of technical efficiency of local PES included six variables (four inputs and two outputs). Only seven PES obtained full efficiency. The inefficiency of analyzed PES varied from about 1% to 80%. In the second stage, the attention focuses on the relationship between true unknown efficiency and its determinants (five environmental variables, both demand and supply oriented). Then, the regression coefficients and confidence intervals showed that three out of five variables influence the efficiency results, the share of the long-term unemployed, the share of the unemployed under 30, and the share of the unemployed over 50 in the total number of unemployed.

Money Matters: Sector Differences, Competition, and the Public Personnel System

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110325
Author(s):  
Laura Langbein ◽  
Fei Wang Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Competitive Labor Market ◽  
Two Sectors

This study explores whether public personnel systems, particularly their compensation systems, are flexible and responsive to market wages in a competitive labor market. Focusing on registered nurses, we explore whether and how the public, private nonprofit, and for-profit labor markets influence each other in determining wages. We also examine if sector plays a role in determining wages. We use American Community Survey data from 2016 and 2017 to test these expectations. Fixed effects regressions and seemingly unrelated regressions with Chow tests reveal that higher wages in the dominant for-profit sector appear to drive up wages in the other two sectors, and vice versa. The results imply that public personnel systems are not so rigid and inflexible as perceived. Rather, they are sensitive to supply and demand and offer wages responding to competition from other sectors. Moreover, public employees do not ignore competitive opportunities in alternative employment markets in the private sectors. Students of public employment should not overlook the private sectors either. The markets are distinctive but not independent.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship as a Strategic Management Tool for Renewal—The Case of the Swedish Public Employment Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Höglund ◽  
Maria Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Entrepreneurial Leadership ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
New Strategy

In this paper, we study how entrepreneurial and strategic processes develop in a public-sector organisation through a theoretical lens of Strategic Entrepreneurship (SE). Previous literature on SE practices identified a number of organisational aspects—such as organisational culture, structure, and entrepreneurial leadership—that are important to manage in order to benefit from new opportunities and strategic actions. So far, there is little knowledge about SE practices in the public sector and their possible consequences. There are also few qualitative studies in the field of SE, though arguments have been made for it. Our study is based on a longitudinal and qualitative process approach focusing on the work of the Swedish Public Employment Service’s (SPES) efforts to realise its new strategy through entrepreneurial and strategic processes. The results showed that there are several organisational tensions in relation to the processes of entrepreneurship. We have empirically contributed to previous literature by studying the SE practices of simultaneously balancing the processes of entrepreneurship and strategy. We have also contributed to a more nuanced discussion of the complexity of implementing SE practices and their relationship to organisational culture, structure and entrepreneurial leadership.

scholarly journals Who wants to work in bureaucracy? Career intentions of post-millennial students

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Jäkel ◽  
George Alexander Borshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Millennial Students ◽  
The Public ◽  
Career Plans

This article investigates who wants, or does not want to work in Russian public administration, and why. A majority of Russians believe that public servants are concerned with improving their personal well-being rather than serving the public interest. Understanding working sector choices is thus the first step to attract talent into the civil service. We study public employment intention among a group of students of public administration in two elite Moscow universities who are relatively early undergraduates. Parents working in the civil service are the most important public sector career motivators of students in Russia, more important than positive perceptions of public sector compensation and its impact on society. Our findings imply that early-stage career plans are shaped outside university lecture rooms. We conclude that teaching public administration in Russia will have to focus on drawing a line between behavior that falls below standards of the profession and efforts to contribute to the well-being of citizens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document