scholarly journals Cortical Afferents of Area 10 in Cebus Monkeys: Implications for the Evolution of the Frontal Pole

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1473-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello G P Rosa ◽  
Juliana G M Soares ◽  
Tristan A Chaplin ◽  
Piotr Majka ◽  
Sophia Bakola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Cebus Monkey ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Cortical Afferents ◽  
Cebus Monkeys

Abstract Area 10, located in the frontal pole, is a unique specialization of the primate cortex. We studied the cortical connections of area 10 in the New World Cebus monkey, using injections of retrograde tracers in different parts of this area. We found that injections throughout area 10 labeled neurons in a consistent set of areas in the dorsolateral, ventrolateral, orbital, and medial parts of the frontal cortex, superior temporal association cortex, and posterior cingulate/retrosplenial region. However, sites on the midline surface of area 10 received more substantial projections from the temporal lobe, including clear auditory connections, whereas those in more lateral parts received >90% of their afferents from other frontal areas. This difference in anatomical connectivity reflects functional connectivity findings in the human brain. The pattern of connections in Cebus is very similar to that observed in the Old World macaque monkey, despite >40 million years of evolutionary separation, but lacks some of the connections reported in the more closely related but smaller marmoset monkey. These findings suggest that the clearer segregation observed in the human frontal pole reflects regional differences already present in early simian primates, and that overall brain mass influences the pattern of cortico-cortical connectivity.

scholarly journals Macroscale Cortical Organization and a Default-Like Transmodal Apex Network in the Marmoset Monkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Buckner ◽  
Daniel S. Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Parietal Association Cortex ◽  
Human Association ◽  
Posterior Midline

Networks of widely distributed regions populate human association cortex. One network, often called the default network, is positioned at the apex of a gradient of sequential networks that radiate outward from primary cortex. Here extensive anatomical data made available through the Marmoset Brain Architecture Project were explored to determine if a homologue exists in marmoset. Results revealed that a gradient of networks extend outward from primary cortex to progressively higher-order transmodal association cortex in both frontal and temporal cortex. The transmodal apex network comprises frontopolar and rostral temporal association cortex, parahippocampal areas TH / TF, the ventral posterior midline, and lateral parietal association cortex. The positioning of this network in the gradient and its composition of areas make it a candidate homologue to the human default network. That the marmoset, a physiologically- and genetically-accessible primate, might possess a default-network-like candidate creates opportunities for study of higher cognitive and social functions.

Macaque monkey retrosplenial cortex: II. Cortical afferents

2003 ◽  
Vol 466 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kobayashi ◽  
David G. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Cortical Afferents

scholarly journals Secondary expansion of the transient subplate zone in the developing cerebrum of human and nonhuman primates

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (35) ◽  
pp. 9892-9897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Duque ◽  
Zeljka Krsnik ◽  
Ivica Kostović ◽  
Pasko Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Cellular Compartment ◽  
Human Postmortem Tissue

The subplate (SP) was the last cellular compartment added to the Boulder Committee’s list of transient embryonic zones [Bystron I, Blakemore C, Rakic P (2008) Nature Rev Neurosci 9(2):110–122]. It is highly developed in human and nonhuman primates, but its origin, mode, and dynamics of development, resolution, and eventual extinction are not well understood because human postmortem tissue offers only static descriptive data, and mice cannot serve as an adequate experimental model for the distinct regional differences in primates. Here, we take advantage of the large and slowly developing SP in macaque monkey to examine the origin, settling pattern, and subsequent dispersion of the SP neurons in primates. Monkey embryos exposed to the radioactive DNA replication marker tritiated thymidine ([3H]dT, or TdR) at early embryonic ages were killed at different intervals postinjection to follow postmitotic cells' positional changes. As expected in primates, most SP neurons generated in the ventricular zone initially migrate radially, together with prospective layer 6 neurons. Surprisingly, mostly during midgestation, SP cells become secondarily displaced and widespread into the expanding SP zone, which becomes particularly wide subjacent to the association cortical areas and underneath the summit of its folia. We found that invasion of monoamine, basal forebrain, thalamocortical, and corticocortical axons is mainly responsible for this region-dependent passive dispersion of the SP cells. Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison with the human SP at corresponding fetal ages indicates that the same developmental events occur in both primate species.

scholarly journals Increased neural efficiency in the temporal association cortex as the result of semantic task repetition

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Whatmough ◽  
Jim Nikelski ◽  
Oury Monchi ◽  
Howard Chertkow
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Semantic Task ◽  
Neural Efficiency

scholarly journals Mapping the neural circuitry of predator fear in the nonhuman primate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Montardy ◽  
William C. Kwan ◽  
Inaki C. Mundinano ◽  
Dylan M. Fox ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Core Node ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
System A ◽  
Learned Fear

AbstractIn rodents, innate and learned fear of predators depends on the medial hypothalamic defensive system, a conserved brain network that lies downstream of the amygdala and promotes avoidance via projections to the periaqueductal gray. Whether this network is involved in primate fear remains unknown. To address this, we provoked flight responses to a predator (moving snake) in the marmoset monkey under laboratory conditions. We combined c-Fos immunolabeling and anterograde/retrograde tracing to map the functional connectivity of the ventromedial hypothalamus, a core node in the medial hypothalamic defensive system. Our findings demonstrate that the ventromedial hypothalamus is recruited by predator exposure in primates and that anatomical connectivity of the rodent and primate medial hypothalamic defensive system are highly conserved.

Characterization of Tactile Afferent Fibers in the Hand of the Marmoset Monkey

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1793-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Coleman ◽  
H. Bahramali ◽  
H. Q. Zhang ◽  
M. J. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Glabrous Skin ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Type I ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Static Indentation ◽  
Functional Classes

The marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, has increasingly been the subject of experiments for the analysis of somatosensory system function in simian primates. However, as response properties of the mechanoreceptive afferent fibers supplying the skin have not been characterized for this primate, the present study was undertaken to classify fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the marmoset hand and determine whether they resembled those described for other mammalian species, including cat, macaque monkey, and human subjects. Forty-seven tactile afferent fibers with receptive fields (RFs) on the glabrous skin of the hand were isolated in fine median and ulnar nerve strands. Controlled tactile stimuli, including static indentation and skin vibration, were used to classify fibers. Twenty-six (55%) responded to static indentation in a sustained manner and were designated slowly adapting (SA) fibers, while 21 (45%) were selectively sensitive to the dynamic components of the stimulus. The SA fibers had well-defined boundaries to their RFs, lacked spontaneous activity in most cases (23/26 fibers), had an irregular pattern of discharge to static skin indentation, and displayed graded response levels as a function of indentation amplitude, attributes that were consistent with the properties of slowly adapting type I (SAI) fibers described in other species. The dynamically sensitive afferent fibers could be subdivided into two distinct functional classes, based on their responses to vibrotactile stimulation. The majority (15/21) responded best to lower frequency vibration (∼10–50 Hz) and had small RFs, whereas the second class responded preferentially to higher frequency vibration (50–700 Hz) with maximal sensitivity at ∼200–300 Hz. These two classes resembled, respectively, the rapidly adapting (RA) and Pacinian corpuscle–related (PC) fiber classes found in other species, and like them, responded to vibration with tightly phase-locked patterns of response over a wide range of frequencies. The results demonstrate that the functional classes of tactile afferent fibers that supply the glabrous skin in the marmoset monkey appear to correspond with those described previously for the cat and macaque monkey, and are similar to those supplying the human hand and fingers, although the SA fibers in the human hand appear to fall into two classes, the SAI and SAII fibers. With the increasing use of the marmoset monkey as a primate model for somatosensory system studies, these data now allow tactile neurons identified at central locations, such as the cerebral cortex and thalamus, to be classified in relation to inputs from the peripheral classes identified in the present study.

Temporal Association Cortex - A Cortical Hub for Processing Infant Vocalizations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen-ichi Tasaka ◽  
Libi Feigin ◽  
Ido Maor ◽  
Maya Groysman ◽  
Laura A. DeNardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Infant Vocalizations

Single-unit activity in temporal association cortex of the monkey.

1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Gross ◽  
P H Schiller ◽  
C Wells ◽  
G L Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Single Unit Activity
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