scholarly journals Altered Neuronal Response During Rapid Auditory Processing and Its Relation to Phonological Processing in Prereading Children at Familial Risk for Dyslexia

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2489-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora M. Raschle ◽  
Patrice L. Stering ◽  
Sarah N. Meissner ◽  
Nadine Gaab
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing

Rapid Auditory Processing and Phonological Ability in Normal Readers and Readers With Dyslexia

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Marshall ◽  
Margaret J. Snowling ◽  
Peter J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Phonological Skills ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing ◽  
Repetition Task

According to a prominent theory, the phonological difficulties in dyslexia are caused by an underlying general impairment in the ability to process sequences of rapidly presented, brief sounds. Two studies examined this theory by exploring the relationships between rapid auditory processing and phonological processing in a sample of 82 normally reading children (Study 1) and by comparing 17 children with dyslexia to chronological-age and reading-age control participants on these tasks (Study 2). In the normal readers, moderate correlations were found between the measure of rapid auditory processing (Auditory Repetition Task, or ART) and phonological ability. On the ART, the dyslexia group performed at a level similar to that of the reading-age control group but obtained scores that were significantly below those of the chronological-age control group. This difference was due to a subgroup of 4 children in the dyslexia group who had particular difficulty with the ART. The phonological skills of these individuals were not worse than those of the children in the dyslexia group who were unimpaired on the ART. The discussion argues that there is no evidence that phonological difficulties are secondary to impairments of rapid auditory processing, as measured by the ART, and highlights the need to examine the strategic and cognitive demands involved in tasks of rapid auditory processing.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Exploration of Pitch Discrimination, Temporal Sequencing, and Prosodic Awareness Skills of Children Who Participate in Different School-Based Music Curricula

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Ashley G. Flagge ◽  
Mary Ellen Neeley ◽  
Tara M. Davis ◽  
Victoria S. Henbest
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
School Based ◽  
Temporal Sequencing ◽  
School Music ◽  
Music Class

Musical training has been shown to have a positive influence on a variety of skills, including auditory-based tasks and nonmusical cognitive and executive functioning tasks; however, because previous investigations have yielded mixed results regarding the relationship between musical training and these skills, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the auditory processing skills of children who receive focused, daily musical training with those with more limited, generalized musical training. Sixteen typically developing children (second–fourth grade) from two different schools receiving different music curricula were assessed on measures of pitch discrimination, temporal sequencing, and prosodic awareness. The results indicated significantly better scores in pitch discrimination abilities for the children receiving daily, focused musical training (School 1) compared to students attending music class only once per week, utilizing a more generalized elementary school music curriculum (School 2). The findings suggest that more in-depth and frequent musical training may be associated with better pitch discrimination abilities in children. This finding is important given that the ability to discriminate pitch has been linked to improved phonological processing skills, an important skill for developing spoken language and literacy. Future investigations are needed to determine whether the null findings for temporal sequencing and prosodic awareness can be replicated or may be different for various grades and tasks for measuring these abilities.

scholarly journals The Mediation Role of Dynamic Multisensory Processing Using Molecular Genetic Data in Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Sara Mascheretti ◽  
Valentina Riva ◽  
Bei Feng ◽  
Vittoria Trezzi ◽  
Chiara Andreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Visual Motion Processing ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing

Although substantial heritability has been reported and candidate genes have been identified, we are far from understanding the etiopathogenetic pathways underlying developmental dyslexia (DD). Reading-related endophenotypes (EPs) have been established. Until now it was unknown whether they mediated the pathway from gene to reading (dis)ability. Thus, in a sample of 223 siblings from nuclear families with DD and 79 unrelated typical readers, we tested four EPs (i.e., rapid auditory processing, rapid automatized naming, multisensory nonspatial attention and visual motion processing) and 20 markers spanning five DD-candidate genes (i.e., DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1 and GRIN2B) using a multiple-predictor/multiple-mediator framework. Our results show that rapid auditory and visual motion processing are mediators in the pathway from ROBO1-rs9853895 to reading. Specifically, the T/T genotype group predicts impairments in rapid auditory and visual motion processing which, in turn, predict poorer reading skills. Our results suggest that ROBO1 is related to reading via multisensory temporal processing. These findings support the use of EPs as an effective approach to disentangling the complex pathways between candidate genes and behavior.

scholarly journals Rapid auditory processing and learning deficits in rats with P1 versus P7 neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. McClure ◽  
Steven W. Threlkeld ◽  
Glenn D. Rosen ◽  
R. Holly Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Injury

scholarly journals Auditory Temporal Order Discrimination and Backward Recognition Masking in Adults With Dyslexia

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Griffiths ◽  
Nicholas I. Hill ◽  
Peter J. Bailey ◽  
Margaret J. Snowling
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Short Isis ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Group Difference ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
And Control

The ability of 20 adult dyslexic readers to extract frequency information from successive tone pairs was compared with that of IQ-matched controls using temporal order discrimination and auditory backward recognition masking (ABRM) tasks. In both paradigms, the interstimulus interval (ISI) between tones in a pair was either short (20 ms) or long (200 ms). Temporal order discrimination was better for both groups of listeners at long than at short ISIs, but no group differences in performance were observed at either ISI. Performance on the ABRM task was also better at long than at short ISIs and was influenced by variability in masker frequency and by the spectral proximity of target and masker. The only significant group difference was found in one condition of the ABRM task when the target-masker interval was 200 ms, but this difference was not reliable when the measure was of optimal performance. Moderate correlations were observed between auditory thresholds and phonological skill for the sample as a whole and within the dyslexic and control groups. However, although a small subgroup of dyslexic listeners with poor phonology was characterized by elevated thresholds across the auditory tasks, evidence for an association between auditory and phonological processing skills was weakened by the finding of a subgroup of control listeners with poor auditory processing and normal phonological processing skills.

Sex differences in rapid auditory processing deficits in ectopic BXSB/MpJ mice

Neuroreport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2277-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Peiffer ◽  
Glenn D. Rosen ◽  
R. Holly Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing ◽  
Processing Deficits

Impaired Processing of Complex Auditory Stimuli in Rats with Induced Cerebrocortical Microgyria: An Animal Model of Developmental Language Disabilities

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Clark ◽  
Glenn D. Rosen ◽  
Paula Tallal ◽  
R. Holly Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Language Disabilities ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing ◽  
Processing Deficits

Individuals with developmental language disabilities, including developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment (SLI), exhibit impairments in processing rapidly presented auditory stimuli. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are associated with concurrent deficits in speech perception and, in turn, impaired language development. Additionally, postmortem analyses of human dyslexic brains have revealed the presence of focal neocortical malformations such as cerebrocortical microgyria. In an initial study bridging these research domains, we found that male rats with induced microgyria were impaired in discriminating rapidly presented auditory stimuli. In order to further assess this anatomical-behavioral association, we designed two experiments using auditory-reflex modification. These studies were intended to assess whether auditory processing deficits in microgyric male rats would be seen in threshold detection of a silent gap in white noise, and in oddball detection of a two-tone stimulus of variable duration. Results showed no differences between sham and microgyric subjects on gap detection, but did show that microgyric subjects were impaired in the discrimination of two-tone stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm. This impairment was evident for stimuli with total duration of 64 msec or less, while both groups were able to discriminate stimuli with duration of 89 msec or greater. The current results further support the relationship between malformations of the cerebral cortex and deficits in rapid auditory processing. They also suggest that the parameters characterizing rapid auditory processing deficits for a specific task may be influenced by stimulus features and/or cognitive demand of that particular task.

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