scholarly journals Performance Dip in Motor Response Induced by Task-Irrelevant Weaker Coherent Visual Motion Signals

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yotsumoto ◽  
A. R. Seitz ◽  
S. Shimojo ◽  
M. Sakagami ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals The fate of task-irrelevant visual motion: Perceptual load versus feature-based attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Taya ◽  
W. J. Adams ◽  
E. W. Graf ◽  
N. Lavie
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals Task-irrelevant visual motion and flicker attenuate the attentional blink

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Arend ◽  
Stephen Johnston ◽  
Kimron Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals Smooth pursuit preparation modulates neuronal responses in visual areas MT and MST

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 638-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Ferrera
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Target Motion ◽  
Motion Onset ◽  
Pursuit Initiation ◽  
Visual Cortical

Primates are able to track small moving visual targets using smooth pursuit eye movements. Target motion for smooth pursuit is signaled by neurons in visual cortical areas MT and MST. In this study, we trained monkeys to either initiate or withhold smooth pursuit in the presence of a moving target to test whether this decision was reflected in the relative strength of “go” and “no-go” processes. We found that the gain of the motor response depended strongly on whether monkeys were instructed to initiate or withhold pursuit, thus demonstrating voluntary control of pursuit initiation. We found that the amplitude of the neuronal response to moving targets in areas MT and MST was also significantly lower on no-go trials (by 2.1 spikes/s on average). The magnitude of the neural response reduction was small compared with the behavioral gain reduction. There were no significant differences in neuronal direction selectivity, spatial selectivity, or response reliability related to pursuit initiation or the absence thereof. Variability in eye speed was negatively correlated with firing rate variability after target motion onset during go trials but not during no-go trials, suggesting that MT and MST activity represents an error signal for a negative feedback controller. We speculate that modulation of the visual motion signals in areas MT and MST may be one of the first visual cortical events in the initiation of smooth pursuit and that the small early response modulation may be amplified to produce an all-or-none motor response by downstream areas.

Activity of Neurons in Cortical Area MT During a Memory for Motion Task

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Bisley ◽  
Daniel Zaksas ◽  
Jason A. Droll ◽  
Tatiana Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Sample Stimulus ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Related Process

We recorded the activity of middle temporal (MT) neurons in 2 monkeys while they compared the directions of motion in 2 sequentially presented random-dot stimuli, sample and test, and reported them as the same or different by pressing one of 2 buttons. We found that MT neurons were active not only in response to the sample and test stimuli but also during the 1,500-ms delay separating them. Most neurons showed a characteristic pattern of activity consisting of a small burst of firing early in the delay, followed by a period of suppression and a subsequent increase in firing rate immediately preceding the presentation of the test stimulus. In a third of the neurons, the activity early in the delay not only reflected the direction of the sample stimulus, but was also related to the range of local directions it contained. During the middle of the delay the majority of neurons were suppressed, consistent with a gating mechanism that could be used to ignore task-irrelevant stimuli. Late in the delay, most neurons showed an increase in response, probably in anticipation of the upcoming test. Throughout most of the delay there was a directional signal in the population of MT neurons, manifested by higher firing rates following the sample moving in the antipreferred direction. Whereas some of these effects may be related to sensory adaptation, others are more likely to represent a more active task-related process. These results support the hypothesis that MT neurons actively participate in the successful execution of all aspects of the task requiring processing and remembering visual motion.

scholarly journals Perceptual decisions are biased by the cost to act

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Hagura ◽  
Patrick Haggard ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Output Channel ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Physical Resistance ◽  
The Cost

Perceptual decisions are classically thought to depend mainly on the stimulus characteristics, probability and associated reward. However, in many cases, the motor response is considered to be a neutral output channel that only reflects the upstream decision. Contrary to this view, we show that perceptual decisions can be recursively influenced by the physical resistance applied to the response. When participants reported the direction of the visual motion by left or right manual reaching movement with different resistances, their reports were biased towards the direction associated with less effortful option. Repeated exposure to such resistance on hand during perceptual judgements also biased subsequent judgements using voice, indicating that effector-dependent motor costs not only biases the report at the stage of motor response, but also changed how the sensory inputs are transformed into decisions. This demonstrates that the cost to act can influence our decisions beyond the context of the specific action.

scholarly journals Object motion kinematics influence both feedforward and feedback motor responses during virtual catching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gómez-Granados ◽  
Isaac Kurtzer ◽  
Tarkeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Visual Motion Processing ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn important window into sensorimotor function is how we catch moving objects. Studies that examined catching of free-falling objects report that the timing of the motor response is independent of the momentum of the projectile, whereas the motor response amplitude scales with projectile momentum. However, this pattern may not be a general strategy of catching since objects accelerate under gravity in a characteristic manner (unlike object motion in the horizontal plane) and the human visual motion-processing system is not adept at encoding acceleration. Accordingly, we developed a new experimental paradigm using a robotic manipulandum and augmented reality where participants stabilized against the impact of a virtual object moving at constant velocity in the horizontal plane. Participants needed to apply an impulse that mirrored the object momentum to bring it to rest and received explicit feedback on their performance. In different blocks, object momentum was varied by an increase in its speed or mass. In contrast to previous reports on free falling objects, we observed that increasing object speed caused earlier onset of arm muscle activity and limb force relative to the impending time to contact. Also, arm force increased as a function of target momentum linked to changes in speed or mass. Our results demonstrate velocity-dependent timing to catch objects and a complex pattern of scaling to momentum.

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