Sex Dimorphism of the Brain in Male-to-Female Transsexuals

Transsexualism is the condition in which a person with apparently normal somatic sexual differentiation is convinced that he/she is actually a member of the opposite sex. It is associated with an irresistible urge to be hormonally and surgically adapted to that sex. Traditionally transsexualism has been conceptualized as a purely psychological phenomenon, but research on the brains of male-to-female transsexuals has found that the sexual differentiation of the brain—the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTC) and the hypothalamic uncinate nucleus—had followed a female pattern (1). This finding may lead to a concept of transsexualism as a form of intersex, where the sexual differentiation of the brain (which in mammals also undergoes sexual differentiation) is not consistent with the other variables of sex, such as chromosomal pattern, nature of the gonad and nature of internal/external genitalia. Thus it can be argued that transsexualism is a sexual differentiation disorder.

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An observational study of clinicoetiological profile of stroke patients in a new tertiary care hospital in North Odisha, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3095

Author(s):

Bibhu P. Behera ◽

D. N. Maharana ◽

Partha S. Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Age Group ◽

Common Risk Factor ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Common Clinical Presentation ◽

Male To Female ◽

The Brain

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India. The objective was to study the clinical profile, risk factors, neurological characters, pattern of brain stroke, areas of brain affected as per CT scan findings in patients with stroke.Methods: This observational study was carried out from June 2018 to Jan 2019 of all new patients admitted with stroke in Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India.Results: The incidence of stroke is maximum in 46-60 years of age group. The average age+SD was 59.3+13.5 in our study. 274 (46.52%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (53.48%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The male to female ratio was 1.46:1. Anterior circulation (86.42%) was the most common territory involved in the brain. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 77.76% followed by dyslipidemia (53.99%). The most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (85.23%).Conclusions: The incidence of stroke is maximum in 46-60 years of age group. The average age+SD was 59.3+13.5 in our study. 274 (46.52%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (53.48%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The male to female ratio was 1.46:1. Anterior circulation (86.42%) was the most common territory involved in the brain. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 77.76% followed by dyslipidemia (53.99%). The most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (85.23%).

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Metabolic Sex Dimorphism of the Brain at the Gene, Cell, and Tissue Level

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.2100853 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 208 (2) ◽

pp. 212-220

Author(s):

Jun Won Lee ◽

Martin Profant ◽

Chao Wang

Keyword(s):

Tissue Level ◽

Sex Dimorphism ◽

The Brain

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ISCHEMIC STROKE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1397 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 221-226

Author(s):

Irfan Murtaza Shahwani ◽

Faisal Shahab ◽

Shuaib Ansari ◽

Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Neurologic Function ◽

Male To Female ◽

The Brain

Stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an areaof the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. It is also called ascereberovascular accident (CVA) or stroke syndrome. Objectives: To determine frequencyof hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking in patients with ischemic stroke. Patientsand methods: This cross sectional study of six months was carried out in the department ofmedicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Patients aged 20-70 years of agewith ischemic stroke on CT were enrolled in the study after taking consent from caretaker ofpatients. Detailed history focusing on hypertension, diabetes and smoking and their durationwas taken. Blood pressure was recorded and fundoscopy was done to find out diabetic orhypertensive retinopathy. Thorough neurological examination was done and blood sugar(fasting and random) was evaluated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study during study period. 64% of patientswere in ≥ 50 years of age group with mean age of 52±11 years. A total of 66 (66%) were male;with male to female ratio was 2:1. Hypertension was present in 61% of cases, Diabetes wasfound in 32% cases and 40 patients were cigarette smokers. Conclusions: It was concludedthat high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke.

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Absorption and distribution of estradiol from male seminal emissions during mating

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-16-0247 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 231 (3) ◽

pp. 245-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Denys deCatanzaro ◽

Tyler Pollock

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Young Males ◽

Copulatory Plug ◽

Blastocyst Implantation ◽

Male To Female ◽

The Brain ◽

Estradiol 17Β ◽

Copulatory Plugs ◽

Female Maturation

Estradiol-17β (E2) plays critical roles in female maturation, sexual receptivity, ovulation and fertility. In many mammals, contact with males can similarly affect these female parameters, whereas male excretions contain significant quantities of E2. We administered radiolabeled estradiol ([3H]E2) to male mice in doses representing a small fraction of their endogenous E2. These males were paired with sexually receptive females, and radioactivity was traced into the females’ systems. In Experiment 1, males were given [3H]E2 at 24 and 1 h before mating. Male-to-female [3H]E2 transfer intensified with increasing numbers of intromissions and spiked in the uterus after insemination. In Experiment 2, sexually experienced young males received [3H]E2 at 72 and 24 h before mating, and all mated to ejaculation. The copulatory plug deposited in the female reproductive tract contained substantial levels of radioactivity. The uteri, other tissues and blood serum of females displayed radioactivity indicative of E2 transfer. In Experiment 3, radioactivity was observed 3 and 18 h after insemination in the females’ uteri and other tissues, including parts of the brain. In Experiment 4, we observed substantial levels of radioactivity in semen as well as the copulatory plugs retrieved from the females after mating. Transferred E2 could directly affect abundant estrogen receptors in the female reproductive tract without potential metabolism by the liver. Sexually transferred E2 may facilitate uterine preparation for blastocyst implantation. These data converge with several lines of evidence indicating that male-sourced E2 can transfer to proximate females in bioactive form, contributing to various mammalian pheromonal effects.

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