scholarly journals Preserving Syntactic Processing across the Adult Life Span: The Modulation of the Frontotemporal Language System in the Context of Age-Related Atrophy

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Tyler ◽  
M. A. Shafto ◽  
B. Randall ◽  
P. Wright ◽  
W. D. Marslen-Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Language System ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Mechanisms of age-related decline in memory search across the adult life span.

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2396-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Hills ◽  
Rui Mata ◽  
Andreas Wilke ◽  
Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Age Related

Age-Related Decline in Mentalizing Skills Across Adult Life Span

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Paolo F. Nichelli
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Age Related

Age-Related Cognitive Effects of Videogame Playing Across the Adult Life span

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Xing-Ting Zhu ◽  
Han-Hui Liu ◽  
Yi-Wen Zhang ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Videogame Playing

The reductions in the subcallosal region cortical volume and surface area in major depressive disorder across the adult life span

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongtao Wei ◽  
Kangcheng Wang ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Kaixiang Zhuang ◽  
Qunlin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Age Related

AbstractBackgroundImaging studies have shown that the subcallosal region (SCR) volume was decreased in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the volumetric reductions in the SCR are due to thinning of the cortex or a loss of surface area (SA) remains unclear. In addition, the relationship between cortical measurements of the SCR and age through the adult life span in MDD remains unclear.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional design from 114 individuals with MDD and 112 matched healthy control (HC) individuals across the adult life span (range: 18–74 years). The mean cortical volume (CV), SA and cortical thickness (CT) of the SCR were computed using cortical parcellation based on FreeSurfer software. Multivariate analyses of covariance models were performed to compare differences between the MDD and HC groups on cortical measurements of the SCR. Multiple linear regression models were used to test age-by-group interaction effects on these cortical measurements of the SCR.ResultsThe MDD had significant reductions in the CV and SA of the left SCR compared with HC individuals after controlling of other variables. The left SCR CV and SA reductions compared with matched controls were observed only in early adulthood patients. We also found a significant age-related CT reduction in the SCR both in the MDD and HC participants.ConclusionsThe SCR volume reduction was mainly driven by SA in MDD. The different trajectories between the CT and SA of the SCR with age may provide valuable information to distinguish pathological processes and normal ageing in MDD.

scholarly journals EMOTIONS SURROUNDING THE 2018 MIDTERM ELECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S310-S310
Author(s):  
Sydney Krueger ◽  
Kevin Ochsner
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Midterm Elections

Abstract Over the adult life-span there is a self-reported shift in daily life emotions towards feeling less negative and more positive. We hypothesized that variations in emotion regulation behavior over the life-span could explain why aging is associated with this “rosy glow”. We collected survey data from 400 adults on Prolific (18-90, M = 47, SD = 16) at three time points: once before and two times following the 2018 Midterm Elections. We collected political engagement ratings, baseline emotion ratings, emotion ratings following the election, and self-reported emotion regulation behavior (e.g., situation modification, situation selection, reappraisal, seeking social-support). In our analyses we treated age as a continuous variable predicting differences in emotion ratings and emotion regulation reports. Consistent with past research, age predicted a decrease in negative and an increase in positive emotions at baseline (before the election). Controlling for political affiliation and we found that age predicted a lower likelihood of using social support regulation and situation modification. We also found that age was inversely predictive of the use of multiple strategies, such that younger adults are more likely to rely on a larger array of regulatory strategies than older adults. These results suggest that age-related differences in self-reported emotions in daily life may be attributed to a reduction in regulation-strategy usage over the life-span, and perhaps a reduced need to regulate negative emotion.

scholarly journals Cognitive and non-cognitive variables influencing age-related effect of mind wandering across the adult life span

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Borella ◽  
Michela Zavagnin ◽  
Lucia Ronconi ◽  
Rossana De Beni
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of aging on mind wandering (MW) using a sustained attention to response task (SART) with a low cognitive demand. All task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the subcategory of stimulus-independent thoughts (SITUTs) were examined across the adult life span. The relationship between MW, cognitive variables (attention, inhibition, working memory), and non-cognitive variables (mindfulness, psychological well-being, and anxiety) was investigated. The sample included 210 healthy participants from 20 to 89 years old. The overall results showed few or no age-related changes in both TUTs and SITUTs. Path analyses revealed that the effect of age on both TUTs and SITUTs was only indirect and mediated by attentional resources, as well as by some aspects of psychological well-being (i.e., emotional competence), which had a direct effect, however. These findings raise doubts about any age-related differences between young and older adults’ MW. Changes in MW across the adult life span are thus discussed along with the method and tasks used to assess it and different variables affecting it.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Change in Cortisol Levels Across the Adult Life Span

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D Moffat ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Susan M Resnick ◽  
Michael P Diamond ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Urinary Free Cortisol ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Cortisol is a key stress hormone implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Longitudinal information on cortisol exposure has been restricted to animal models and a small number of human studies. The purpose of the present study was to quantify longitudinal change in cortisol across the adult life span. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion from ages 20 to 90 years and older. Participants were 1,814 men and women from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who provided a total of 5,527 urine specimens for analysis. The average duration of longitudinal follow-up was 6.6 years. The primary outcome measure was 24-hour urinary free cortisol to creatinine ratio (UFC/Cr) as determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results UFC/Cr follows a U-shaped pattern across the life span with decreases in UFC/Cr in the 20s and 30s, relative stability in the 40s and 50s, and increases thereafter. This pattern of change was robust with respect to adjustment for several potential confounding factors. Conclusions Age-related changes in cortisol exposure raise important questions about the potential protective or exacerbating role of cortisol exposure in predicting medical, physiological, and behavioral outcomes.

scholarly journals Dietary restriction improves proteostasis and increases life span through endoplasmic reticulum hormesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (35) ◽  
pp. 17383-17392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latika Matai ◽  
Gautam Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Manish Chamoli ◽  
Yasir Malik ◽  
Shashi Shekhar Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Polyglutamine Aggregation

Unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) helps maintain proteostasis in the cell. The ability to mount an effective UPRER to external stress (iUPRER) decreases with age and is linked to the pathophysiology of multiple age-related disorders. Here, we show that a transient pharmacological ER stress, imposed early in development on Caenorhabditis elegans, enhances proteostasis, prevents iUPRER decline with age, and increases adult life span. Importantly, dietary restriction (DR), that has a conserved positive effect on life span, employs this mechanism of ER hormesis for longevity assurance. We found that only the IRE-1–XBP-1 branch of UPRER is required for the longevity effects, resulting in increased ER-associated degradation (ERAD) gene expression and degradation of ER resident proteins during DR. Further, both ER hormesis and DR protect against polyglutamine aggregation in an IRE-1–dependent manner. We show that the DR-specific FOXA transcription factor PHA-4 transcriptionally regulates the genes required for ER homeostasis and is required for ER preconditioning-induced life span extension. Finally, we show that ER hormesis improves proteostasis and viability in a mammalian cellular model of neurodegenerative disease. Together, our study identifies a mechanism by which DR offers its benefits and opens the possibility of using ER-targeted pharmacological interventions to mimic the prolongevity effects of DR.

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