Synaptogenesis in layer I of the human cerebral cortex in the first half of gestation

The aim of research was to study the effect of clinical death and reperfusion on astrocytes of the human cerebral cortex.Material and methods. Structural types, quantity, shape, size and distribution of cortical layers I–VI astrocytes (fields 4, 10, 17 and 21) were studied in 7 days after 3-minute clinical death (n=3, males) using a confocal microscope, fluorescence immunohistochemistry (GFAP), classical morphometry and fractal analysis. The control group (n=4, males) included patients died from severe traumatic brain injury.Results. A complex integrated system of GFAP-positive cells consisting of translaminar and intralaminar astrocytes of the fibrous, protoplasmic and mixed types, was revealed in the human cerebral cortex. The bodies of translaminar astrocytes were localized in layers I (had smooth long thin processes) and layers V–VI (had processes with varicose thickening). The processes of translaminar astrocytes penetrated towards each other and intertwined at the level of layer I and II. Qualitative and quantitative changes of all types of intralaminar and translaminar astrocytes were revealed in the human cerebral cortex in 7 days after clinical death. The percentage of the GFAP-positive area increased in all layers of the studied cerebral cortex departments. An increase in GFAP expression in cortical astrocytes was accompanied by changes in the fractal distribution and lacunarity of their processes distribution, the fact supporting a spatial reorganization of the astroglial network in response to acute ischemia and reperfusion of the brain. To a greater extent this related to the processes of fibrous perivascular astrocytes. All these manifestations of reactive astrogliosis might be associated with the activation of adaptivereparative processes in astrocytes. No statistically significant differences between the cerebral cortex fields were revealed.Conclusion. The results obtained showed that clinical death and reperfusion resulted in a structuralfunctional reorganization of the neuroglial network of the cerebral cortex accompanied by an increase in the GFAF expression and complication of the spatial distribution of the processes in all types of astrocytes.

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Development of layer I of the human cerebral cortex after midgestation: Architectonic findings, immunocytochemical identification of neurons and glia, and in situ labeling of apoptotic cells

The Journal of Comparative Neurology ◽

10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990719)410:1<126::aid-cne11>3.0.co;2-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 410 (1) ◽

pp. 126-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Roberto Spreafico ◽

Paola Arcelli ◽

Carolina Frassoni ◽

Paolo Canetti ◽

Giorgio Giaccone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Apoptotic Cells ◽

Human Cerebral Cortex ◽

Layer I

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C-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 Proteins Expression Patterns in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurons after Ischemic Stroke

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn1295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 226-233

Author(s):

Svetlana P. Sergeeva ◽

Aleksey V. Lyundup ◽

Valery V. Beregovykh ◽

Petr F. Litvitskiy ◽

Aleksey A. Savin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Immunohistochemical Method ◽

Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Contralateral Hemisphere ◽

Human Cerebral Cortex ◽

Fos Protein ◽

Urgent Task ◽

Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Background. The search for protein (these include c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1) expression that provide neuroplasticity mechanisms of the cerebral cortex after ischemic stroke (IS) patterns is an urgent task. Aims to reveal c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 proteins expression patterns in human cerebral cortex neurons after IS. Materials and methods. We studied 9 left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) IS patients cerebral cortex samples from 3 zones: 1 the zone adjacent to the necrotic tissue focus; 2 zone remote from the previous one by 47 cm; 3 zone of the contralateral hemisphere, symmetric to the IS focus. Control samples were obtained from 3 accident died people. Identification of targeted proteins NSE, c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 was performed by indirect immunoperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Results. Moving away from the ischemic focus, there is an increase in the density of neurons and a decrease in the damaged neurons proportion, the largest share of c-fos protein positive neurons in zone 2, NOTCH1 positive neurons in zone 1, smaller fractions of ERK1/2 and MAP2 positive neurons compared to the control only in samples of zone 1. Conclusions. With the IS development, the contralateral hemisphere is intact tissue increased activation zone, while the zones 1 and 2 have pathological activation signs. In zone 1 of the range, the adaptive response of the tissue decreases, and in zone 2 it expands. Therefore, a key target for therapeutic intervention is zone 2.

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