Gender Differences in the Normal Lateralization of the Supratemporal Cortex: MRI Surface-rendering Morphometry of Heschl's Gyrus and the Planum Temporale

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Kulynych ◽  
Katalin Vladar ◽  
Douglas W. Jones ◽  
Daniel R. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

scholarly journals Learning of complex auditory patterns changes intrinsic and feedforward effective connectivity between Heschl’s gyrus and planum temporale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Lumaca ◽  
Martin J. Dietz ◽  
Niels Chr. Hansen ◽  
David R. Quiroga-Martinez ◽  
Peter Vuust
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Causal Modelling ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus ◽  
Dynamic Causal Modelling

AbstractLearning of complex auditory sequences such as language and music can be thought of as the continuous optimisation of internal predictive representations of sound-pattern regularities, driven by prediction errors. In predictive coding (PC), this occurs through changes in the intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity of the relevant cortical networks, whereby minimization of precision-weighted prediction error signals improves the accuracy of future predictions. Here, we employed Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) on functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data acquired during the presentation of complex auditory patterns. In an oddball paradigm, we presented 52 volunteers (non-musicians) with isochronous 5-tone melodic patterns (standards), randomly interleaved with rare novel patterns comprising contour or pitch interval changes (deviants). Here, listeners must update their standard melodic models whenever they encounter unexpected deviant stimuli. Contour deviants induced an increased BOLD response, as compared to standards, in primary (Heschl’s gyrus, HG) and secondary auditory cortices (planum temporale, PT). Within this network, we found a left-lateralized increase in feedforward connectivity from HG to PT for deviant responses and a concomitant disinhibition within left HG. Consistent with PC, our results suggest that model updating in auditory pattern perception and learning is associated with specific changes in the excitatory feedforward connections encoding prediction errors and in the intrinsic connections that encode the precision of these errors and modulate their gain.Significance statementThe learning of complex auditory stimuli such as music and speech can be thought of as the continuous optimisation of brain predictive models driven by prediction errors. Using dynamic causal modelling on fMRI data acquired during a melodic oddball paradigm, we here show that brain responses to unexpected sounds were best explained by an increase in excitation within Heschl’s gyrus and an increase in forward connections from Heschl’s gyrus to planum temporale. Our results are consistent with a predictive coding account of sensory learning, whereby prediction error responses to new sounds drive model adjustments via feedforward connections and intrinsic connections encode the confidence of these prediction errors.

scholarly journals Asymmetries of the planum temporale and Heschl's gyrus: relationship to language lateralization

Brain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1164-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Dorsaint-Pierre ◽  
Virginia B. Penhune ◽  
Kate E. Watkins ◽  
Peter Neelin ◽  
Jason P. Lerch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Language Lateralization ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

scholarly journals Perceptual learning of tone patterns changes the effective connectivity between Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Lumaca ◽  
Martin J. Dietz ◽  
Niels Chr. Hansen ◽  
David R. Quiroga‐Martinez ◽  
Peter Vuust
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

Normal Asymmetry of the Planum Temporale in Patients with Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Kulynych ◽  
Katalin Vladar ◽  
Bryan D. Fantie ◽  
Douglas W. Jones ◽  
Daniel R. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Sylvian Fissure ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
Cerebral Asymmetry ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Cortical Structure ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
And Control

BackgroundAbnormal cerebral anatomical lateralisation has been reported in schizophrenia and may implicate anomalous neurodevelopment in the aetiology of this disease. A popular recent hypothesis has predicted that such disturbances in normal lateralisation should be especially apparent in the morphology of the temporal lobes.MethodA temporal cortical region lying in the plane of the Sylvian fissure – known as the planum temporale – exhibits pronounced leftward asymmetry in normal right-handed males. We compared lateralisation of the planum temporale in schizophrenic and control males using MRI surface-rendering morphometry of the supratemporal cortex.ResultsContrary to the lateralisation hypothesis, normal patterns of leftward planum asymmetry were detected in both the schizophrenic and control groups. Schizophrenics and controls also exhibited a predicted symmetry in the bilateral areas of Heschl's gyrus, a supratemporal cortical structure immediately anterior to the planum.ConclusionThese data do not support the notion that neurodevelopmental mechanisms of cerebral asymmetry are abnormal in schizophrenia.

Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory Cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2346-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
Igor O. Volkov ◽  
M. Daniel Noh ◽  
P. Charles Garell ◽  
Matthew A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

Voice onset time (VOT) is an important parameter of speech that denotes the time interval between consonant onset and the onset of low-frequency periodicity generated by rhythmic vocal cord vibration. Voiced stop consonants (/b/, /g/, and /d/) in syllable initial position are characterized by short VOTs, whereas unvoiced stop consonants (/p/, /k/, and t/) contain prolonged VOTs. As the VOT is increased in incremental steps, perception rapidly changes from a voiced stop consonant to an unvoiced consonant at an interval of 20–40 ms. This abrupt change in consonant identification is an example of categorical speech perception and is a central feature of phonetic discrimination. This study tested the hypothesis that VOT is represented within auditory cortex by transient responses time-locked to consonant and voicing onset. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by stop consonant-vowel (CV) syllables were recorded directly from Heschl's gyrus, the planum temporale, and the superior temporal gyrus in three patients undergoing evaluation for surgical remediation of medically intractable epilepsy. Voiced CV syllables elicited a triphasic sequence of field potentials within Heschl's gyrus. AEPs evoked by unvoiced CV syllables contained additional response components time-locked to voicing onset. Syllables with a VOT of 40, 60, or 80 ms evoked components time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. In contrast, the syllable with a VOT of 20 ms evoked a markedly diminished response to voicing onset and elicited an AEP very similar in morphology to that evoked by the syllable with a 0-ms VOT. Similar response features were observed in the AEPs evoked by click trains. In this case, there was a marked decrease in amplitude of the transient response to the second click in trains with interpulse intervals of 20–25 ms. Speech-evoked AEPs recorded from the posterior superior temporal gyrus lateral to Heschl's gyrus displayed comparable response features, whereas field potentials recorded from three locations in the planum temporale did not contain components time-locked to voicing onset. This study demonstrates that VOT at least partially is represented in primary and specific secondary auditory cortical fields by synchronized activity time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. Furthermore, AEPs exhibit features that may facilitate categorical perception of stop consonants, and these response patterns appear to be based on temporal processing limitations within auditory cortex. Demonstrations of similar speech-evoked response patterns in animals support a role for these experimental models in clarifying selected features of speech encoding.

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