scholarly journals Investment risk evaluation of inland floating photovoltaic power plants in China using the HFLTS–TFN method

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-550
Author(s):  
Yanli Xiao ◽  
Xin Ju ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Chuanbo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Inland floating photovoltaic power plants (IFPPPs) are the key to making full use of water advantages to develop solar resources in the future. Identifying the investment risk is an important prerequisite for promoting the projects on a large scale. This paper proposes a model to assess the investment risk of IFPPPs in China. First, this paper identifies the investment risk factors and establishes an evaluation indicator system from four aspects. Second, the indicator data are collected and described by adopting hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and triangular fuzzy numbers to ensure soundness and completeness. Third, a weighted method combining the best–worst method and the entropy method are utilized to determine the indicator weights under the consideration of the impact of subjective preferences and objective fairness. Fourth, the results show that the overall risk level of China’s IFPPPs is ‘medium low’. Fifth, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are implemented to examine the stability of the evaluation results. Finally, this paper also provides some risk-response strategies for the development of China’s IFPPPs from economy, society, technology and environment.

scholarly journals Risk Evaluation on China Government Bonds with EWMAVaR and SVM Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tianhao Ouyang ◽  
Xiaoyong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This research studies the strategy of risk evaluation of China government bonds with the latest data. The angle of evaluation focuses on the interest rate and the stability risk, employing the EWMAVaR and SVM methods. The weights of each risk indicator are determined by the entropy method. Experimental results show that the risk of government bonds is stable in recent years. However, the impact of COVID-19 cannot be ignored because the risk level increased in the year 2020. The issuing of one trillion special antipandemic bonds could explain the fluctuation of the market because the fiscal incomes of Chinese government decreased in 2020 and could not be recovered in a short time. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a better performance than the existing methods, and it can help well in realizing the risk assessment of government bonds.

scholarly journals Australian agricultural scale and corporate agroholdings: environmental and climatic impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Plunkett ◽  
Andrew Duff ◽  
Ross Kingwell ◽  
David Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Production

The average size of Australian farms in scale and revenue are the globe’s largest. This scale is a result, in part, of low average rural population densities; development patterns in broadacre production; low levels of effective public policy transfers; a stable and suitable institutional setting suitable for corporate and other large scale investment; and low yields. It is also a factor of the natural variability of the country’s climatic systems which have contributed to the scale of extensive northern cattle production; this variability has implications for the pattern of ownership of broadacre and extensive production. Corporate ownership, tends to concentrate production aggregations at sufficient scale to offset its additional overheads in areas of relative climatic stability and to replicate these agroholding aggregations spatially to protect the stability of revenue flows. Family structures are more dominant in areas of greater climatic variability. Of interest is the impact that any increasing climatic variability (versus rapid changes in technology) may have upon this pattern.

A review of energy storage technologies for large scale photovoltaic power plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 115213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bullich-Massagué ◽  
Francisco-Javier Cifuentes-García ◽  
Ignacio Glenny-Crende ◽  
Marc Cheah-Mañé ◽  
Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Storage Technologies

A Predictive Energy Landscape Model of Metamorphic Protein Conformational Specificity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Wrabl ◽  
Keila Voortman-Sheetz ◽  
Vincent J. Hilser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Denatured State ◽  
Metamorphic Protein ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

'Metamorphic' proteins challenge state-of-the-art structure prediction methods reliant on amino acid similarity. Unfortunately, this obviates a more effective thermodynamic approach necessary to properly evaluate the impact of amino acid changes on the stability of two different folds. A vital capability of such a thermodynamic approach would be the quantification of the free energy differences between 1) the energy landscape minima of each native fold, and 2) each fold and the denatured state. Here we develop an energetic framework for conformational specificity, based on an ensemble description of protein thermodynamics. This energetic framework was able to successfully recapitulate the structures of high-identity engineered sequences experimentally shown to adopt either Streptococcus protein GA or GB folds, demonstrating that this approach indeed reflected the energetic determinants of fold. Residue-level decomposition of the conformational specificity suggested several testable hypotheses, notably among them that fold-switching could be affected by local de-stabilization of the populated fold at positions sensitive to equilibrium perturbation. Since this ensemble-based compatibility framework is applicable to any structure and any sequence, it may be practically useful for the future targeted design, or large-scale proteomic detection, of novel metamorphic proteins.

Fault-Diagnosis Architecture for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants That Does Not Require Additional Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Kohno ◽  
Kenichi Gokita ◽  
Hideyuki Shitanishi ◽  
Masahito Toyosaki ◽  
Tomoharu Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

scholarly journals Large Photovoltaic Power Plants Integration: A Review of Challenges and Solutions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansouri ◽  
Lashab ◽  
Sera ◽  
Guerrero ◽  
Cherif
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Voltage Limit ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scale Integration

Renewable energy systems (RESs), such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, are providing increasingly larger shares of power generation. PV systems are the fastest growing generation technology today with almost ~30% increase since 2015 reaching 509.3 GWp worldwide capacity by the end of 2018 and predicted to reach 1000 GWp by 2022. Due to the fluctuating and intermittent nature of PV systems, their large-scale integration into the grid poses momentous challenges. This paper provides a review of the technical challenges, such as frequency disturbances and voltage limit violation, related to the stability issues due to the large-scale and intensive PV system penetration into the power network. Possible solutions that mitigate the effect of large-scale PV system integration on the grid are also reviewed. Finally, power system stability when faults occur are outlined as well as their respective achievable solutions.

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