scholarly journals Effect of a Family-Based Intervention on Nutrient Biomarkers, Desaturase Enzyme Activities, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children with Overweight and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirupa R Matthan ◽  
Judith Wylie-Rosett ◽  
Xiaonan Xue ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Adriana E Groisman-Perelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Developing dietary strategies to prevent excess weight gain during childhood is critical to stem the current obesity epidemic and associated adverse cardiometabolic consequences. Objectives We aimed to assess how participation in a family-based weight-management intervention affected nutrient biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children (7–12 y old; n = 321) with baseline BMI z score (BMIz) ≥85th percentile. Methods This was a secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. Families of children, recruited from a largely Hispanic population, were assigned to Standard Care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations), or SC + Enhanced Program (SC + EP; 8 skill-building cores, monthly support sessions, targeted diet/physical activity strategies). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins, RBC fatty acid profiles, desaturase indexes) and CMRFs were measured in archived blood samples collected at baseline and the end of the 1-y intervention. Results Children in both groups had significantly lower trans fatty acid and higher pentadecylic acid (15:0), PUFA n–3, and β-carotene concentrations, indicative of decreased hydrogenated fat and increased dairy, vegetable oil, fish, and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. Similar changes were seen in de novo lipogenesis and desaturase indexes, as well as CMRFs (BMIz, lipid profile, inflammation, adipokines, liver enzymes) in both groups. Using multiple logistic regression, increase in carotenoids and decrease in endogenously synthesized SFA, MUFA, PUFA n–6, and desaturase indexes were associated with improvements in BMIz, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammatory biomarkers, adipokines, and liver enzymes. Trans fatty acids were associated with improvements in BMIz, glucose metabolism, and leptin, with less favorable effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin. Conclusions Providing targeted family-based behavioral counseling, as part of SC, can help overweight/obese children adopt healthier eating patterns that are associated with modest improvements in BMIz and several CMRFs. Limited additional benefit was observed with SC + EP. These results provide critical data to design subsequent interventions to increase the impact of family-based obesity prevention programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00851201.

scholarly journals Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Laine ◽  
Tanja Sjöros ◽  
Henri Vähä-Ypyä ◽  
Taru Garthwaite ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Adiposity

ObjectiveWe studied the associations between accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and habitual physical activity (PA) as well as markers of body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT).MethodsA total of 144 middle-aged adults (mean age 57 (SD 6.5) years) with overweight or obesity (mean body mass index [BMI] 31.8 [SD 3.9] kg/m2) participated. Different components of SB (sitting, lying) and PA (standing, breaks in SB, daily steps, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA) were measured with validated hip-worn accelerometers for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, [SD 4]). Fasting venous blood samples were analysed using standard assays. The associations were examined with Pearson’s partial correlation coefficient test and linear mixed model.ResultsAmong 102 women and 42 men accelerometer measured SB or the elements of PA were not associated with circulating liver enzymes. When adjusted for age and sex, liver enzymes correlated positively with BMI and waist circumference (WC) (ALT r=0.34, p<0.0001, r=0.41, < 0.0001, AST r=0.17, p=0.049, r=0.26, p=0.002, GGT r=0.29, p=0.0005, r=0.32, p < 0.0001, respectively). SB proportion associated positively with BMI (r=0.21, p=0.008) and WC (r=0.27, p=0.001). Components of PA associated negatively with BMI (MVPA r=-0.23, p=0.005, daily steps r=-0.30, p<0.0001 and breaks in sedentary time r=-0.32, p<0.0001), as well as with WC (breaks in SB r=-0.35, p<0.0001, MVPA r=-0.26, p=0.002, daily steps r=-0.31, p<0.0001, standing time r=-0.27, p=0.001). Liver enzymes associated positively with common cardiometabolic markers such as resting heart rate (ALT; β=0.17, p=0.03, AST; β=0.25, p=0.002, GGT; β=0.23, p=0.004) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (ALT β=0.20, p=0.01, β=0.22, p=0.005, AST (only diastolic) β=0.23, p=0.006, GGT β=0.19, p=0.02, = 0.23, p=0.004, respectively), fasting insulin (ALT β=0.41, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.20, p=0.04) and insulin resistance index (ALT β=0.42, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.21, p=0.03), even after adjustment with BMI.ConclusionsLiver enzymes correlate with body adiposity and appear to cluster with other common cardiometabolic risk factors, even independently of body adiposity. SB and PA appear not to be essential in modulating the levels of circulating liver enzymes.

scholarly journals Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1233-1233
Author(s):  
Nirupa Matthan ◽  
Kathryn Barger ◽  
Judith Wylie-Rosett ◽  
Xiaonan Xue ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Family Based

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of a family-based weight management intervention for children with overweight/obesity on parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). Methods Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. Families were recruited from a largely Hispanic population and assigned to either Standard Care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations) or Standard Care + Enhanced Program (SC + EP; eight skill-building cores, subsequent monthly support sessions, targeted diet/physical activity strategies). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids and fat soluble vitamins; red blood cell [RBC] fatty acid profiles) and CMRF (BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory markers and adipokine concentrations) were measured in archived samples collected from the parents at baseline and at the end of the 1-year intervention. Results Parents of children in both groups (SC = 106; SC + EP = 99) had significantly lower total SFA (−3%) and trans fatty acid (−14%), and higher MUFA (2%), PUFAn-6 (2%), PUFAn-3 (7%) and beta-carotene (20%) concentrations, indicative of decreased partially-hydrogenated fat and increased vegetable oil, fish and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. In both groups, there were significant reductions in inflammatory markers (hsCRP [−21%], TNFα [−19%] and IL-6 [−19%]), but not in BMI, blood pressure or lipid profile. Parents with children assigned to the SC + EP group had additional improvements in serum insulin (−6%) and leptin (−1.3%) concentrations. Using multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, group, baseline BMI, and baseline CMRF values, improvements in circulating inflammatory and glucose metabolism markers, and adipokine concentrations were associated with higher carotenoid and PUFAn-3 (specifically 20:5n-3), and lower SFA and trans fatty acid concentrations, at the end of the 1-year intervention. Conclusions These results suggest that a family-based childhood obesity intervention can spill over to parents, resulting in apparent healthier dietary shifts that are associated with modest improvements in some CMRF. Funding Sources NIH, NIDDK, USDA.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents and Their Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Life-style

Hygiena ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Hirošová ◽  
Zora Gerová ◽  
Martin Samohýl ◽  
Daniela Krajčová ◽  
Diana Vondrová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Abstract P221: The Impact of Prevalent and New-onset Cardiometabolic Risk on the Incidence of Hepatic Steatosis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehimen C Aneni ◽  
Marcio S Bittencourt ◽  
Miguel Caínzos Achirica ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Ahmed M Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Background: Little is known about hepatic steatosis (HS) incidence and its relationship to underlying or new-onset cardiometabolic risk. This study aims to assess the incidence of hepatic steatosis in an asymptomatic population and to determine its relationship to both prevalent and new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from a voluntary employer-sponsored routine health promotion evaluation at the Preventive Medicine Center of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) collected from October 2004 to December 2016.Medical and demographic history, anthropometric measures including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and fasting blood samples were obtained. Participants also had ultrasonography to assess for HS. We included data from 8,448 individuals who had complete cardiometabolic and ultrasound data at baseline and repeated all tests at least 6 months later. Results: The mean age (standard deviation, SD) of participants was 40 (9) years. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.4 (2.3) years, the incidence of HS was 14.7%. As shown in the table, diabetes, poor physical activity, elevated waist circumference and cigarette smoking at baseline were independently associated with hepatic steatosis. There was an additive effect of the increasing cardiometabolic risk factors (see graph) on the risk of developing HS. Participants with new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors also had a higher risk of incident HS after accounting for baseline demographics and cardiometabolic risk factors (see forest plot). This was most pronounced for incident obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m 2 ). Conclusion: In this relatively young population, the incidence of HS was high and was both independently and collectively associated with baseline cardiometabolic risk. New-onset cardiometabolic risk tracks with incident HS. This study emphasizes the need for assessing and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in the prevention of HS.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Impact of Behavioral Health Homes on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors for Adults With Serious Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Fortuna ◽  
Peter R. DiMilia ◽  
Matthew C. Lohman ◽  
Brandi P. Cotton ◽  
Janet R. Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Health Homes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of type of dietary protein, animal versus vegetable, in modifying cardiometabolic risk factors: A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fjolla Zhubi-Bakija ◽  
Gani Bajraktari ◽  
Ibadete Bytyçi ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis ◽  
Michael Y. Henein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Brassard ◽  
Maude Tessier-Grenier ◽  
Janie Allaire ◽  
Ethendhar Rajendiran ◽  
Yongbo She ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact
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