Lifeways and territorial innovation: values and practices for promoting collective appropriation of territory

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeimar B Herrera ◽  
Manuel Parra ◽  
Iris Livscovsky ◽  
Pedro Ramos ◽  
Daniela Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Reproduction Theory ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Agents Of Change

Abstract In recent decades, most multilateral organizations and other agents of change have used the theoretical approach of sustainable livelihoods to guide their work. This approach has been criticized in recent years for promoting a short-term materialist focus in development projects, thus limiting its practical usefulness and feasibility. Due to the necessity for renewed proposals, a group of community cargos and researchers have developed a long-term comparative retrospective study that goes beyond the conventional approach. It provides a framework with a broader theoretical scope and applied utility grounded on local self-management: lifeways and territorial innovation. Our constructivist approach, based on Bourdieu´s Social Reproduction theory, is aimed at promoting and triggering a sense of territoriality within the communities and further onto the more extensive territory. Since the work was developed along with people from rural communities, we utilized the concept of Social Learning as to enrich the former theoretical principle.

A Stress and Pain Self-management m-Health App for Adult Outpatients with Sickle Cell Disease (RADIANCE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam O. Ezenwa ◽  
Yingwei Yao ◽  
Molly W. Mandernach ◽  
David A. Fedele ◽  
Robert J. Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND The purpose of this article is to describe the research protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a self-management intervention for adults diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD). People living with SCD suffer with lifelong recurrent episodes of acute and chronic pain, both of which are exacerbated by stress. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to decrease stress and improve SCD pain control with reduced opioid use through an intervention with self-management relaxation/distraction exercises (RDE), named You Cope, We Support (YCWS). Building on our prior findings of formative studies, this study is designed to test the efficacy of YCWS on stress intensity, pain intensity, and opioid use in adults with SCD. METHODS A randomized controlled trial of the short-term (8 weeks) and long-term (6 months) effects of YCWS on stress, pain, and opioid use will be conducted with 170 adults with SCD. Patients will be randomized based on a 1:1 ratio (stratified on pain intensity [<=5; >5]) to be either in the experimental (Self-monitoring of outcomes + alerts/reminders + use of YCWS [RDE + Support]) or control (Self-monitoring of outcomes + alerts/reminders) group. Patients will be asked to report outcomes daily. During weeks 1-8, patients in both groups will receive system-generated alerts/reminders via phone call, text, or email to facilitate data entry (both groups) and intervention use support (experimental). If the participant does not enter data after 24 hours, the study support staff will contact him/her for data entry troubleshooting (both groups) and YCWS use (experimental). We will time stamp and track patients' online activities to understand the study context and conduct exit interviews on the acceptability of system-generated and staff support. RESULTS The study was funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health in 2020. Our Institutional Review Board approved this study. Currently in the recruitment phase, the study began in March 2021 and will be concluded in June 2025. As of September 2021, we have enrolled 40 patients. We will analyze the data using the mixed-effects regression models (short-term, long-term) to account for the repeated measurements over time and utilize machine-learning to construct and evaluate prediction models. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was modified to allow for a mail-in consent process and a virtual consent process via email or Zoom video conference. CONCLUSIONS We expect that the intervention group will report reductions in pain intensity (primary outcome, 0-10 scale) and in stress intensity (0-10 scale) and opioid use, which are secondary outcomes. Our study will contribute to advancing the use of non-opioid therapy such as guided relaxation/distraction techniques for managing sickle cell pain. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04484272

The measurement of cognitive structures: a constructivist approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Oerter
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
The Subject

This article considers the investigation of cognitive structures in a constructivist perspective, using the example of the measurement of the concept of human nature (Menschenbild). It is argued that the instruments used (adulthood interview and dilemma stories) elicit the subject's short-term (actual) and long-term (available declarative knowledge) constructive activity. However, the investigation includes at the same time the pre- and post-constructive activity of the researcher and interviewer, who introduce their own knowledge, opinions and theoretical concepts. The results presented are: general levels of the concept of human nature, some specific structures produced by the subjects, content analytical categories, patterns, and figures of reasoning. The outcome of the investigation is interpreted as a co-construction of both the subject and the researcher (interviewer/rater), indicating shared cultural knowledge that is brought via the research process to a more explicit and clear structure.

scholarly journals How Do Rural Communities Sustain Sanitation Gains? Qualitative Comparative Analyses of Community-Led Approaches in Cambodia and Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5440
Author(s):  
Jessica Tribbe ◽  
Valentina Zuin ◽  
Caroline Delaire ◽  
Ranjiv Khush ◽  
Rachel Peletz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Latrine Use ◽  
Programmatic Factors

Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a popular intervention for eliminating open defecation in rural communities. Previous research has explored the contextual and programmatic factors that influence CLTS performance. Less is known about the community-level conditions that sustain latrine coverage and use. We hypothesized three categories of community conditions underlying CLTS sustainability: (i) engagement of community leaders, (ii) follow-up intensity, and (iii) support to poor households. We evaluated these among communities in Cambodia and Ghana, and applied fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify combinations of conditions that influenced current latrine coverage and consistent latrine use. In Cambodia, latrine coverage was highest in communities with active commune-level leaders rather than traditional leaders, and with leaders who used casual approaches for promoting latrine construction. Latrine use in Cambodia was less consistent among communities with intense commune engagement, higher pressure from traditional leaders, high follow-up and high financial support. In Ghana, by contrast, active leaders, high follow-up, high pro-poor support, and continued activities post-implementation promoted latrine coverage and consistent use. The different responses to CLTS programming emphasize that rural communities do not have homogenous reactions to CLTS. Accounting for community perceptions and context when designing community-led interventions can foster long-term sustainability beyond short-term achievement.

scholarly journals Physical Inactivity, Self-Management, and Living Well With COPD

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
David B. Coultas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Specific Patient

Physical inactivity is an underrecognized and undertreated lifestyle behavior among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is independently associated with a number of adverse health-related outcomes. Pulmonary rehabilitation with exercise training provides an efficacious intervention with short-term improvements, but it is an infrequently used modality and does not consistently result in longer term increases in physical activity. Similarly, pedometer self-monitoring with coaching has demonstrated short-term increases in physical activity. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal method to support long-term behavior change that will have the greatest benefit. While available evidence suggests that reversing physical inactivity is an essential component of self-management to optimize health, it is only one component of a complex set of interventions needed to support patients in adapting to their chronic condition. In the future, this support will ideally start with identification of specific patient phenotypes, which describes their adaptation to the condition based on patients’ knowledge, skills, confidence, symptoms, and impairments. This information will then be used to tailor education and behavior change strategies over the long term to promote sustainable physical activity and other healthy lifestyles.

Consequences of Commodification

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-99
Author(s):  
Christoph Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Cost

This chapter explores the major consequences of commodification. It does so by focusing on five spheres that are crucial for social reproduction—healthcare, (higher) education, public utilities, housing, as well as food and agriculture. It then highlights twelve tendencies associated with commodification: the exclusion of potential users; neglect of needs that are not backed by sufficient purchasing power or cannot be satisfied in a profitable manner; focus on those needs whose satisfaction promises high profits, frequently at the cost of needs that are less lucrative; focus on short-term profits at the cost of long-term sustainability; privatization of profits and collectivization of costs; standardization and homogenization; bureaucratization and expansion of management/administration; sacrificing quality for profitability; manipulation and speculation; growing inequality; the marginalization of motivations not based on profit; and more commodification.

scholarly journals What Sets Physically Active Rural Communities Apart from Less Active Ones? A Comparative Case Study of Three US Counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10574
Author(s):  
Christiaan G. Abildso ◽  
Cynthia K. Perry ◽  
Lauren Jacobs ◽  
M. Renée Umstattd Umstattd Meyer ◽  
Megan McClendon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Organizational Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Community Capital ◽  
Southern Us

Background: Rural US communities experience health disparities, including a lower prevalence of physical activity (PA). However, “Positive Deviants”—rural communities with greater PA than their peers—exist. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that help create physically active rural US communities. Methods: Stakeholder interviews, on-site intercept interviews, and in-person observations were used to form a comparative case study of two rural counties with high PA prevalence (HPAs) and one with low PA prevalence (LPA) from a southern US state, selected based on rurality and adult PA prevalence. Interview transcripts were inductively coded by three readers, resulting in a thematic structure that aligned with a Community Capital Framework, which was then used for deductive coding and analysis. Results: Fifteen stakeholder interviews, nine intercept interviews, and on-site observations were conducted. Human and Organizational Capital differed between the HPAs and LPA, manifesting as Social, Built, Financial, and Political Capital differences and a possible “spiraling-up” or cyclical effect through increasing PA and health (Human Capital), highlighting a potential causal model for future study. Conclusions: Multi-organizational PA coalitions may hold promise for rural PA by directly influencing Human and Organizational Capital in the short term and the other forms of capital in the long term.

scholarly journals Sustaining short-term improvements over the long-term: Results from a 2-year diabetes self-management support (DSMS) intervention

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia S. Tang ◽  
Martha M. Funnell ◽  
Salma Noorulla ◽  
Mary Oh ◽  
Morton B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Self-management for chronic widespread pain including fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254642
Author(s):  
Adam W. A. Geraghty ◽  
Emma Maund ◽  
David Newell ◽  
Miriam Santer ◽  
Hazel Everitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Interventions

Background Chronic widespread pain (CWP) including fibromyalgia has a prevalence of up to 15% and is associated with substantial morbidity. Supporting psychosocial and behavioural self-management is increasingly important for CWP, as pharmacological interventions show limited benefit. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of interventions applying self-management principles for CWP including fibromyalgia. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry were searched for studies reporting randomised controlled trials of interventions adhering to self-management principles for CWP including fibromyalgia. Primary outcomes included physical function and pain intensity. Where data were sufficient, meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Studies were narratively reviewed where meta-analysis could not be conducted Evidence quality was rated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) (PROSPERO-CRD42018099212). Results Thirty-nine completed studies were included. Despite some variability in studies narratively reviewed, in studies meta-analysed self-management interventions improved physical function in the short-term, post-treatment to 3 months (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.20, 0.64) and long-term, post 6 months (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.20, 0.53), compared to no treatment/usual care controls. Studies reporting on pain narratively had greater variability, however, those studies meta-analysed showed self-management interventions reduced pain in the short-term (SMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.70, -0.27) and long-term (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.58, -0.19) compared to no treatment/usual care. There were few differences in physical function and pain when self-management interventions were compared to active interventions. The quality of the evidence was rated as low. Conclusion Reviewed studies suggest self-management interventions can be effective in improving physical function and reducing pain in the short and long-term for CWP including fibromyalgia. However, the quality of evidence was low. Future research should address quality issues whilst making greater use of theory and patient involvement to understand reported variability.

scholarly journals Perceptions on climate change and its impact on livelihoods in Hwange district, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nhemachena ◽  
Reneth Mano ◽  
Shakespear Mudombi ◽  
Virginia Muwanigwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This study investigated perceptions of rural communities on climate change and its impacts on livelihoods. The research was conducted in the semi-arid Hwange district in Matebelel and North province of Zimbabwe. The perceptions were compared with empirical evidence from climatic studies on trends on temperature and rainfall, and impacts on livelihoods in the country and region. The findings from the current study are generally in agreement with those of other studies that indicate changes in the climate, especially in terms of rainfall. This largely applies to short-term periods; however, for long-term periods it is difficult to accurately relate rural community perceptions to changes in rainfall over time. Despite perceived changes and impacts of climate change on local livelihood activities, mainly agriculture, there are multiple stressors that the communities face which also affect their livelihoods. Further evidence-based research is required to disentangle climate change impacts on livelihoods, including livelihood impacts arising from interactions of climate and non-climatic factors.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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