scholarly journals Anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus: where ventral and dorsal visual attention systems meet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cazzoli ◽  
Brigitte C Kaufmann ◽  
Rebecca E Paladini ◽  
René M Müri ◽  
Tobias Nef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Warning Tone ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Attentional Network

Abstract The clinical link between spatial and non-spatial attentional aspects in patients with hemispatial neglect is well known; in particular, an increase in alerting can transitorily help to allocate attention towards the contralesional side. In models of attention, this phenomenon is postulated to rely on an interaction between ventral and dorsal cortical networks, subtending non-spatial and spatial attentional aspects, respectively. However, the exact neural underpinnings of the interaction between these two networks are still poorly understood. In the present study, we included 80 right-hemispheric patients with subacute stroke (50% women; age range: 24–96), 33 with and 47 without neglect, as assessed by paper–pencil cancellation tests. The patients performed a computerized task in which they were asked to respond as quickly as possible by button-press to central targets, which were either preceded or not preceded by non-spatial, auditory warning tones. Reaction times in the two different conditions were measured. In neglect patients, a warning tone, enhancing activity within the ventral attentional ‘alerting’ network, could boost the reaction (in terms of shorter reaction times) of the dorsal attentional network to a visual stimulus up to the level of patients without neglect. Critically, using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analyses, we show that this effect significantly depends on the integrity of the right anterior insula and adjacent inferior frontal gyrus, i.e., right-hemispheric patients with lesions involving these areas were significantly less likely to show shorter reaction times when a warning tone was presented prior to visual target appearance. We propose that the right anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus are a critical hub through which the ventral attentional network can ‘alert’ and increase the efficiency of the activity of the dorsal attentional network.

scholarly journals The Effect of rTMS over the Different Targets on Language Recovery in Stroke Patients with Global Aphasia: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caili Ren ◽  
Guofu Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Hao ◽  
Hui Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
The Right

Objective.To evaluate and compare the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right pars triangularis of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) and the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSMG) in global aphasia following subacute stroke.Methods.Fifty-four patients with subacute poststroke global aphasia were randomized to 15-day protocols of 20-minute inhibitory 1 Hz rTMS over either the right triangular part of the pIFG (the rTMS-b group) or the right pSTG (the rTMS-w group) or to sham stimulation, followed by 30 minutes of speech and language therapy. Language outcomes were assessed by aphasia quotient (AQ) scores obtained from the Chinese version of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) at baseline and immediately after 3 weeks (15 days) of experimental treatment.Results.Forty-five patients completed the entire study. The primary outcome measures include the changes in WAB-AQ score, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, and repetition. These measures indicated significant main effect between the baseline of the rTMS-w, rTMS-b, and sham groups and immediately after stimulation (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, the increases were significant for auditory comprehension, repetition, and AQ in the rTMS-w group (P<0.05), whereas the changes in repetition, spontaneous speech, and AQ tended to be higher in the rTMS-b group (P<0.05).Conclusions.Inhibitory rTMS targeting the right pIFG and pSTG can be an effective treatment for subacute stroke patients with global aphasia. The effect of rTMS may depend on the stimulation site. Low-frequency rTMS inhibited the right pSTG and significantly improved language recovery in terms of auditory comprehension and repetition, whereas LF-rTMS inhibited the right pIFG, leading to apparent changes in spontaneous speech and repetition.

Insula and Orbital Frontal Cortex Activity Underlying Emotion Interference Resolution in Working Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Levens ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Interference Resolution ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
The Right

Previous research has shown that emotional information aids conflict resolution in working memory [WM; Levens, S. M., & Phelps, E. A. Emotion processing effects on interference resolution in working memory. Journal of Emotion, 8, 267–280, 2008]. Using a recency-probes WM paradigm, it was found that positive and negative emotional stimuli reduced the amount of interference created when information that was once relevant conflicted with currently relevant information. To explore the neural mechanisms behind these facilitation effects, an event-related fMRI version of the recency-probes task was conducted using neutral and arousing positive and negative words as stimuli. Results replicate previous findings showing that the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the interference resolution of neutral information and reveal that the IFG is involved in the interference resolution of emotional information as well. In addition, ROIs in the right and left anterior insula and in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) were identified that appear to underlie emotional interference resolution in WM. We conclude that the IFG underlies neutral and emotional interference resolution, and that additional regions of the anterior insula and OFC may contribute to the facilitation of interference resolution for emotional information. These findings clarify the role of the insula and OFC in affective and executive processing, specifically in WM conflict resolution.

scholarly journals No Modulatory Effects when Stimulating the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus with Continuous 6 Hz tACS and tRNS on Response Inhibition: A Behavioral Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Brauer ◽  
Navah Ester Kadish ◽  
Anya Pedersen ◽  
Michael Siniatchkin ◽  
Vera Moliadze
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
The Right

Response inhibition is the cognitive process required to cancel an intended action. During that process, a “go” reaction is intercepted particularly by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA). After the commission of inhibition errors, theta activity (4–8 Hz) is related to the adaption processes. In this study, we intend to examine whether the boosting of theta activity by electrical stimulation over rIFG reduces the number of errors and the reaction times in a response inhibition task (Go/NoGo paradigm) during and after stimulation. 23 healthy right-handed adults participated in the study. In three separate sessions, theta tACS at 6 Hz, transcranial random noise (tRNS) as a second stimulation condition, and sham stimulation were applied for 20 minutes. Based on behavioral data, this study could not show any effects of 6 Hz tACS as well as full spectrum tRNS on response inhibition in any of the conditions. Since many findings support the relevance of the rIFG for response inhibition, this could mean that 6 Hz activity is not important for response inhibition in that structure. Reasons for our null findings could also lie in the stimulation parameters, such as the electrode montage or the stimulation frequency, which are discussed in this article in more detail. Sharing negative findings will have (1) positive impact on future research questions and study design and will improve (2) knowledge acquisition of noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation techniques.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pseudohomophone Orthographic Errors through Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Guardia-Olmos ◽  
Daniel Zarabozo-Hurtado ◽  
Maribe Peró-Cebollero ◽  
Esteban Gudayol-Farré ◽  
Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Writing Acquisition ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Orthographic Errors ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe study of orthographic errors in a transparent language such as Spanish is an important topic in relation to writing acquisition because in Spanish it is common to write pseudohomophones as valid words. The main objective of the present study was to explore the possible differences in activation patterns in brain areas while processing pseudohomophone orthographic errors between participants with high (High Spelling Skills (HSS)) and low (Low Spelling Skills (LSS)) spelling orthographic abilities. We hypothesize that (a) the detection of orthographic errors will activate bilateral inferior frontal gyri, and that (b) this effect will be greater in the HSS group. Two groups of 12 Mexican participants, each matched by age, were formed based on their results in a group of spelling-related ad hoc tests: HSS and LSS groups. During the fMRI session, two experimental tasks were applied involving correct and pseudohomophone substitution of Spanish words. First, a spelling recognition task and second a letter searching task. The LSS group showed, as expected, a lower number of correct responses (F(1, 21) = 52.72, p <.001, η2 = .715) and higher reaction times compared to the HSS group for the spelling task (F(1, 21) = 60.03, p <.001, η2 = .741). However, this pattern was reversed when the participants were asked to decide on the presence of a vowel in the words, regardless of spelling. The fMRI data showed an engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in HSS group during the spelling task. However, temporal, frontal, and subcortical brain regions of the LSS group were activated during the same task.

scholarly journals Expectancy changes the self-monitoring of voice identity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Johnson ◽  
Michel Belyk ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
Ana P. Pinheiro ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Voice Changes ◽  
Voice Morphing ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTSelf-voice attribution can become difficult when voice characteristics are ambiguous, and functional magnetic resonance imagines (fMRI) investigations of such ambiguity are sparse. We utilized voice-morphing (self-other) to manipulate (un-)certainty in self-voice attribution in a button-press paradigm. This allowed investigating how levels of self-voice certainty alter brain activation in regions monitoring voice identity areas and unexpected changes in voice playback quality. FMRI results confirm a self-voice suppression effect in the right anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) when self-voice attribution was unambiguous. Although the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was more active during self-generated voice compared to when passively-heard, the putative role of this region in detecting unexpected self-voice changes was not confirmed. Further research on the link between right aSTG and IFG is required and may establish a threshold monitoring voice identity in action. The current results have implications for a better understanding of an altered experience of self-voice feedback leading to auditory verbal hallucinations.

scholarly journals Hand Motor Actions of Children With Cerebral Palsy Are Associated With Abnormal Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1018-1028
Author(s):  
Rashelle M. Hoffman ◽  
Tony W. Wilson ◽  
Max J. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Motor Actions

Background. The neuroimaging literature on cerebral palsy (CP) has predominantly focused on identifying the structural aberrations (eg, fiber track integrity), with very few studies examining neural activity within the key networks that serve the production of hand movements. Objective. We aimed to start to fill this knowledge gap by using magnetoencephalographic brain imaging to quantify the temporal dynamics of the sensorimotor oscillations during a hand motor action. Methods: Children with CP (n = 12; MACS [Manual Abilities Classification System] levels I-III) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 26) performed an arrow-based version of the Eriksen flanker task where a button press was performed with either the second or third digit of the right hand depending on the arrow’s direction. Results: Overall, the children with CP were less accurate and had slower reaction times compared with the TD children. These behavioral differences were closely linked with aberrant sensorimotor cortical oscillations seen in the children with CP. Compared with the TD children, the children with CP had a weaker gamma (68-82 Hz) response during motor execution and a weaker post-movement beta rebound (PMBR; 14-26 Hz) response on movement termination. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between the amplitude of the gamma and PMBR with reaction time, with weaker gamma and PMBR responses being linked with slower reaction times. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that aberrations in motor-related gamma and beta cortical oscillations are associated with the impaired hand motor actions seen in children with CP.

What is “Odd” in Posner's Location-cueing Paradigm? Neural Responses to Unexpected Location and Feature Changes Compared

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vossel ◽  
Ralph Weidner ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Gereon R. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Distraction Effect ◽  
Distractor Processing ◽  
The Right

Within the parietal cortex, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) seem to be involved in both spatial and nonspatial functions: Both areas are activated when misleading information is provided by invalid spatial cues in Posner's location-cueing paradigm, but also when infrequent deviant stimuli are presented within a series of standard events. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the distinct and shared brain responses to (i) invalidly cued targets requiring attentional reorienting, and (ii) to target stimuli deviating in color and orientation leading to an oddball-like distraction effect. Both unexpected location and feature changes were accompanied by a significant slowing of manual reaction times. Bilateral TPJ and right superior parietal lobe (SPL) activation was observed in response to invalidly as compared to validly cued targets. In contrast, the bilateral inferior occipito-temporal cortex, the left inferior parietal cortex, right frontal areas, and the cerebellum showed stronger activation in response to deviant than to standard targets. Common activations were observed in the right angular gyrus along the IPS and in the right inferior frontal gyrus. We conclude that the superior parietal and temporo-parietal activations observed here as well as previously in location-cueing paradigms do not merely reflect the detection and processing of unexpected stimuli. Furthermore, our data suggest that the right IPS and the inferior frontal gyrus are involved in attentional selection and distractor processing of both spatial and nonspatial features.

The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus following reversal of consistent stimulus-stop mappings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisy Best ◽  
Tobias Stevens ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Ian P. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

No modulation of experimentally-induced pain by navigation-guided rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Menzler ◽  
A Welk ◽  
S Knake ◽  
WH Oertel ◽  
K Schepelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Associations between mental wellbeing and fMRI neural bases underlying responses to positive emotion in a twin sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haeme R.P. Park ◽  
Miranda R. Chilver ◽  
Arthur Montalto ◽  
Javad Jamshidi ◽  
Peter R. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Although mental wellbeing has been linked with positive health outcomes, including longevity and improved emotional and cognitive functioning, studies examining the underlying neural mechanisms of both subjective and psychological wellbeing have been sparse. We assessed whether both forms of wellbeing are associated with neural activity engaged during positive and negative emotion processing and the extent to which this association is driven by genetics or environment. Methods We assessed mental wellbeing in 230 healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins using a previously validated questionnaire (COMPAS-W) and undertook functional magnetic resonance imaging during a facial emotion viewing task. We used linear mixed models to analyse the association between COMPAS-W scores and emotion-elicited neural activation. Univariate twin modelling was used to evaluate heritability of each brain region. Multivariate twin modelling was used to compare twin pairs to assess the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association. Results Higher levels of wellbeing were associated with greater neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localised in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in response to positive emotional expressions of happiness. Univariate twin modelling showed activity in the IFG to have 20% heritability. Multivariate twin modelling suggested that the association between wellbeing and positive emotion-elicited neural activity was driven by common variance from unique environment (r = 0.208) rather than shared genetics. Conclusions Higher mental wellbeing may have a basis in greater engagement of prefrontal neural regions in response to positive emotion, and this association may be modifiable by unique life experiences.

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