scholarly journals Association of midlife stroke risk with structural brain integrity and memory performance at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Zsoldos ◽  
Abda Mahmood ◽  
Nicola Filippini ◽  
Sana Suri ◽  
Verena Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Brain

Abstract Cardiovascular health in midlife is an established risk factor for cognitive function later in life. Knowing mechanisms of this association may allow preventative steps to be taken to preserve brain health and cognitive performance in older age. In this study, we investigated the association of the Framingham stroke-risk score, a validated multifactorial predictor of 10-year risk of stroke, with brain measures and cognitive performance in stroke-free individuals. We used a large (N = 800) longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling adults of the Whitehall II imaging sub-study with no obvious structural brain abnormalities, who had Framingham stroke risk measured five times between 1991 and 2013 and MRI measures of structural integrity, and cognitive function performed between 2012 and 2016 [baseline mean age 47.9 (5.2) years, range 39.7–62.7 years; MRI mean age 69.81 (5.2) years, range 60.3–84.6 years; 80.6% men]. Unadjusted linear associations were assessed between the Framingham stroke-risk score in each wave and voxelwise grey matter density, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity at follow-up. These analyses were repeated including socio-demographic confounders as well as stroke risk in previous waves to examine the effect of residual risk acquired between waves. Finally, we used structural equation modelling to assess whether stroke risk negatively affects cognitive performance via specific brain measures. Higher unadjusted stroke risk measured at each of the five waves over 20 years prior to the MRI scan was associated with lower voxelwise grey and white matter measures. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, higher stroke risk from 1991 to 2009 was associated with lower grey matter volume in the medial temporal lobe. Higher stroke risk from 1997 to 2013 was associated with lower fractional anisotropy along the corpus callosum. In addition, higher stroke risk from 2012 to 2013, sequentially adjusted for risk measured in 1991–94, 1997–98 and 2002–04 (i.e. ‘residual risks’ acquired from the time of these examinations onwards), was associated with widespread lower fractional anisotropy, and lower grey matter volume in sub-neocortical structures. Structural equation modelling suggested that such reductions in brain integrity were associated with cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the importance of considering cerebrovascular health in midlife as important for brain integrity and cognitive function later in life (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03335696).

Coronary heart disease is associated with regional grey matter volume loss: implications for cognitive function and behaviour

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Almeida ◽  
G. J. Garrido ◽  
C. Beer ◽  
N. T. Lautenschlager ◽  
L. Arnolda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s69-s75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Borgwardt ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Jacqueline Aston ◽  
Gregor Berger ◽  
Paola Dazzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundNeuroanatomical abnormalities are a well-established feature of schizophrenia. However, the timing of their emergence and the extent to which they are related to vulnerability to the disorder as opposed to psychotic illness itself is unclearAimsTo assess regional grey matter volume in the at-risk individuals who subsequently developed psychosisMethodMagnetic resonance imaging data from at-risk individuals who developed psychosis (n = 12) within the following 25 months were compared with data from healthy volunteers (n=22) and people with first-episode psychosis (n=25)ResultsCompared with healthy volunteers, individuals who subsequently developed psychosis had smaller grey matter volume in the posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and paracentral lobule bilaterally and in the left superior parietal lobule, and greater grey matter volume in a left parietal/posterior temporal region. Compared with first-episode patients, they had relatively greater grey matter volume in the temporal gyrus bilaterally and smaller grey matter volume in the right lentiform nucleusConclusionsSome of the structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state may be related to an increased vulnerability to psychosis, while others are associated with the development of a psychotic illness

scholarly journals Lack of evidence for sex differences in higher cognitive function in macaques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie R.J. Nagy ◽  
Christienne G. Damatac ◽  
Mark G. Baxter ◽  
Peter H. Rudebeck ◽  
Paula L. Croxson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractHere we assessed whether higher cognitive function differed between male and female rhesus monkeys using tests of episodic memory and strategy implementation. We did not find any difference between males and females on behavioral performance or on analyses of grey matter volume of key regions. Our findings suggest that, at least where higher cognitive function in healthy monkeys is concerned, the sexes may not differ.

Social cognition and brain organization in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Cheryl D. Stimpson ◽  
Chet C. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cognition Sociale

Bonobos and chimpanzees are two closely relates species of the genus Pan, yet they exhibit marked differences in anatomy, behaviour and cognition. For this reason, comparative studies on social behaviour, cognition and brain organization between these two species provide important insights into evolutionary models of human origins. This chapter summarizes studies on socio-communicative competencies and social cognition in chimpanzees and bonobos from the authors’ laboratory in comparison to previous reports. Additionally, recent data on species differences and similarities in brain organization in grey matter volume and distribution is presented. Some preliminary findings on microstructural brain organization such as neuropil space and cellular distribution in key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in social behaviour and cognition is presented. Though these studies are in their infancy, the findings point to potentially important differences in brain organization that may underlie bonobo and chimpanzees’ differences in social behaviour, communication and cognition. Les bonobos et les chimpanzés sont deux espèces du genus Pan prochement liées, néanmoins ils montrent des différences anatomiques, comportementales et cognitives marquées. Pour cette raison, les études comparatives sur le comportement social, la cognition et l’organisation corticale entre ces deux espèces fournissent des idées sur les modèles évolutionnaires des origines humaines. Dans ce chapitre, nous résumons des études sur les compétences socio-communicatives et la cognition sociale chez les chimpanzés et les bonobos de notre laboratoire en comparaison avec des rapports précédents. En plus, nous présentons des données récentes sur les différences et similarités d’organisation corticale du volume et distribution de la matière grise entre espèces. Nous présentons plus de résultats préliminaires sur l’organisation corticale microstructurale comme l’espace neuropile et la division cellulaire dans des neurotransmetteurs clés et les neuropeptides impliqués dans le comportement social et la cognition. Bien que ces études sont dans leur enfance, les résultats montrent des différences d’organisation corticale importantes qui sont à la base des différences de comportement social, la communication et la cognition entre les bonobos et les chimpanzés.

scholarly journals Modelling the cascade of biomarker changes in GRN-related frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-323541
Author(s):  
Jessica L Panman ◽  
Vikram Venkatraghavan ◽  
Emma L van der Ende ◽  
Rebecca M E Steketee ◽  
Lize C Jiskoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Individual Disease

ObjectiveProgranulin-related frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN) is a fast progressive disease. Modelling the cascade of multimodal biomarker changes aids in understanding the aetiology of this disease and enables monitoring of individual mutation carriers. In this cross-sectional study, we estimated the temporal cascade of biomarker changes for FTD-GRN, in a data-driven way.MethodsWe included 56 presymptomatic and 35 symptomatic GRN mutation carriers, and 35 healthy non-carriers. Selected biomarkers were neurofilament light chain (NfL), grey matter volume, white matter microstructure and cognitive domains. We used discriminative event-based modelling to infer the cascade of biomarker changes in FTD-GRN and estimated individual disease severity through cross-validation. We derived the biomarker cascades in non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) to understand the differences between these phenotypes.ResultsLanguage functioning and NfL were the earliest abnormal biomarkers in FTD-GRN. White matter tracts were affected before grey matter volume, and the left hemisphere degenerated before the right. Based on individual disease severities, presymptomatic carriers could be delineated from symptomatic carriers with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.1%. The estimated disease severity strongly correlated with functional severity in nfvPPA, but not in bvFTD. In addition, the biomarker cascade in bvFTD showed more uncertainty than nfvPPA.ConclusionDegeneration of axons and language deficits are indicated to be the earliest biomarkers in FTD-GRN, with bvFTD being more heterogeneous in disease progression than nfvPPA. Our data-driven model could help identify presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers at risk of conversion to the clinical stage.

Cerebellar Grey Matter Volume in Older Persons Is Associated with Worse Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buhrmann ◽  
A. M. A. Brands ◽  
J. van der Grond ◽  
C. Schilder ◽  
R. C. van der Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Plasma vitamin C, cholesterol and homocysteine are associated with grey matter volume determined by MRI in non-demented old people

2003 ◽  
Vol 341 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Whalley ◽  
R.T. Staff ◽  
A.D. Murray ◽  
S.J. Duthie ◽  
A.R. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Old People ◽  
Matter Volume
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